THE LATEST BIOTECHNOLOGIES OF PIG REPRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF INDUSTRIAL PIG BREEDING

Abstract

The modern understanding concerning the effectiveness of the latest biotechnology methods of pig repro-
duction aimed at reducing the impact of negative factors in industrial pig breeding has been highlighted. The
effect of stress factors on pig reproductive capacity has been analyzed, and effective ways of preventing the
inhibition of reproductive function have been identified. It has been determined that receiving highly produc-
tive offspring begins with the formation of biologically complete gametes and their copulation, which is
achieved through the application of artificial insemination method. It has been found that applying intrauter-
ine method enables to inseminate sows with small sperm doses, increasing the number of impregnated sows
(percentage of impregnation). With the purpose of long-term storing the gene pool of high-quality breeding
boars, the method of sperm cryopreservation is used. The success of using this method depends primarily on
the composition of diluents and freezing programs, in which the using of sperm plasma and cryo-protectors
of the latest generation remains promising. It has been found that effective intensification of pig reproductive
capacity is possible only at applying biotechnological techniques – stimulation and synchronization of estrus
and ovulation in sows, based on the patterns of changes in hormonal profile, depending on their physiologi-
cal condition. For this purpose biologically active substances and pharmacological means (hormonal prepa-
rations and vitamin complexes) are used. It has been determined that prostaglandins are used to ensure the
rhythm of pork production due to the synchronization of farrowing. Applying the methods of farrowing syn-
chronization enables, without harming piglets and sows, to regulate the duration of pregnancy, reduce the
number of stillbirths, decrease age differences between piglets, maintain the production rhythm, and mini-
mize labor costs. It has been determined that early and timely weaning of piglets makes it possible to in-
crease the intensity of using sows, reduce the organism exhaustion and avoid delayed sexual estrus. In order
to reduce the negative factors during the weaning period, it is promising to apply additional feeding piglets
with vitamins of antioxidant action (vitamins A, E, C) and selenium in the form of feed additives, which in-
creases the liver functional state, resistance of the organism and later on reduces the period of their growing
to slaughter conditions.