ECO-BALANCING OF ARABLE FARMING AS A FIRST STEP TO ORGANIC MANUFACTURING OF PLANT GROWING PRODUCTS

Abstract

Preservation of land resources under their active management and mass manifestation of land degradation
processes, upsetting soil cover integrity, is now an extremely topical problem, which requires solving.
The world practice shows that the prospects of using organic farming in its “pure state” turn out rather limited
because of different reasons. At the same time, it is necessary to create certain economic, social and cultural
preconditions, and also a rather high level of scientific and technical basis and theoretical knowledge,
which are the most important parts in this process, on the territory of different countries of the world and
Ukraine. In this connection, the purpose of the article is describing some agro-technical measures, which
ensure eco-balancing of arable farming while manufacturing plant growing products. Data have been presented
in the paper concerning methods and agro-technical techniques based on many-year observations of
crop cultivation (2012–2019) in organic crop rotation at private enterprise “Agroecology” in Shyshaky district,
Poltava region. These data can be used in modern farming conditions with the aim of obtaining ecologically
safe plant growing products and eco-balancing of arable farming on the whole. Measures aimed at
eco-balancing of crop farming while cultivating certain crops, such as: winter wheat, spring barley, corn
grain, soybean, pea, sugar beet, rape, sunflower, millet, and buckwheat have been elucidated. Different
techniques and measures for each separate crop have been described, and they are connected with: choosing
proceeding crops; peculiarities of sowing material treatment with different preparations ensuring better
germination, increasing yield or protecting against diseases of different etiology; peculiarities of sowing and
further agro-technological cultivation and finally, harvesting. At the same time, different variants have been
suggested in the paper as to decreasing or eliminating weed infestation on sown areas and also helping to
fight mouse-like rodents and insects – grain crops’pests. Thus, the presented data have both theoretical and
practical value for specialists introducing eco-balancing of arable farming, as these data help solve important
problems.