Сучасний генофонд курей України

Анотація

Подано аналіз стану галузі птахівництва (безпосередньою – курівництва) в племінних господарствах України. Визначено, що на початку 2018 року курей різного напряму продуктивності розводили в 14 племінних господарствах, але при цьому функціонувало лише два племінних заводи і 12 племінних птахо­племрепродукторів другого порядку. Наявне поголів’я птиці відносилося до порід бірківська барвиста та білий плімутрок, а також кросів Кобб-500, Росс-308, Ломанн, Ломан Браун – Лайт, Ломан ЛСЛ – Класік і Хай-Лайн W-36. Відсутність інформації про полтавську глинясту та адлерську сріблясту породи в Державному реєстрі суб’єктів племінної справи у тваринництві за 2017 рік можна розцінювати як зникнення стад, а отже, і порід в Україні. Надано коротку характеристику порід і кросів курей, їх продуктивність, а також діяльність у якості суб’єктів племінної справи в птахівництві. Доведено, що селекційна робота проводиться лише з бірківською барвистою породою та білим плімутроком, а решта птиці – це фінальний гібрид чи батьківські стада зарубіжних компаній. Встановлено повну залежність вітчизняного птахівництва від імпорту птиці, що ставить під загрозу безпеку країни.

The article analyzes the state of the poultry industry, directly – chickens, in breeding farms of Ukraine. It was determined that in the beginning of 2018, chickens of different productivity directions were bred in 14 breeding farms, but only two breeding plants and 12 breeding second-order breeding poultry workers were employed. The existing livestock of the bird referred to the breeds of Birkiv colored and white plimutrok, as well as crossbows Cobb-500, Ross-308, Lohmann, Lohman Brown-Light, Lohmann LSL-Classic and High-Line W-36. The lack of information on Poltava clay and Adler silver rocks in the State Register of breeding subjects in livestock production in 2017 can be considered as the disappearance of herds, and consequently, of rocks in Ukraine.

The Birkiv colorful chicken breed of the egg production line, which was created by the scientists of the Institute of Poultry Farming of Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences through the complex reproductive crossbreeding of white and colored chickens of domestic breeding, is now breeding only in one breeding plant of State Research Station of Poultry Industry of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences. The average number of hens of this breed, which is kept only in one tribal plant of Kharkiv region, as of 01.01.2018 amounted to 0.7 thousand heads for the average carrying of one laying hen per year – 131 eggs.

 In Ukraine, in early 2018, the white plimutrok breed of meat and egg production was breed only in one breeding plant of the State Research Station of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences in the amount of 0.7 thousand heads for the average carrying weight of one lozenge per year of 103 eggs.

In Ukraine, the Ross-308 Cross in three breeding poultry producers of the second order with a total of 316.9 thousand heads and it is characterized by a low average bearing of one laying hen per year – 146 eggs.

In early 2018, chicken Cross Cobb-500 farmers of the second order of Donets’k, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv, Kharkiv and Cherkasy regions bred the bird of this cross in Ukraine for a total number of birds –2458 thousand heads. The average carrying weight of one laying hen per year is 228 eggs.

In early 2018, the birds of Lohan Cross in Ukraine were bred only in the conditions of one second-rate poultry farm in Poltava region, with a total number of birds – 87.1 thousand heads. The average carrying weight of one laying hen per year is 267 eggs.

Cross Lohmann LSL-Classic bird of this breed is breeding only in one breeding poultry farmer of the second order in Kyiv region. With a total livestock of chickens 47.2 thousand heads, the average bearing of one laying hen per year was 244 eggs.

At the beginning of 2018, the High-Line W-36 line was kept only in one pedigree poultry producer of the second order in Kyiv region, with 57.7 thousand heads with an average bearing of one laying hen per year – 242 eggs.

A brief description of breeds and cross-breeds of chickens, their productivity, as well as activities as breeding subjects in poultry farming is provided. It has been proved that selection work is carried out only with the Birkiv colored rock and white plimutrok, and the rest of the birds are the final hybrid or parent herds of foreign companies. The complete dependence of domestic poultry production on imports of poultry has been established, which endangers the country's security.