Урожайність сортів сої залежно від елементів технології вирощування

Анотація

Подальше поширення сої  стримується недостатньо обґрунтованою зональною технологією її вирощування. Норма висіву впливала на величину врожайності сої більше, ніж спосіб сівби. Сорт Романтика максимальну врожайність мав за норми висіву 700 тис./га – 2,41 т/га. Занижені норми висіву сприяли зниженню врожайності насіння до 2,07 т/га за норми висіву 600 тис./га та до 1,82 т/га – за норми 500 тис./га. Збільшення норми висіву до 800 тис./га  було неефективним – 2,39 т/га. У скоростиглого сорту Устя найбільша врожайність була за норми висіву 700 тис./га – 2,48 т/га. Занижені норми висіву сприяли зниженню врожайності насіння до 2,11 т/га – за норми висіву 600 тис./га, до 1,99 т/га – за норми 500 тис./га. Збільшення норми висіву до 800 тис./га не сприяло підвищенню врожайності – 2,35 т/га. За зрідженого розміщення рослин характерне близьке до поверхні ґрунту закладання бобів, яке спричиняє значні втрати врожаю під час збирання. 

In connection with the intensification of soybean production, there is a question arises of identifying the elements of cultivation technology, which should ensure its high productivity. Among them, the timing, methods and norms of sowing of different soybean varieties are decisive. Further spread of soya in conditions of unstable wetting of the Left-Bank part of Forest-Steppe is restrained by the lack of grounded zoning technology for its cultivation, especially in early sowing, where heat is a limiting factor and moisture is sufficient.

The aim of the research was to determine the optimum soybean density by choosing the right seeding and seeding method to ensure optimal plant growth and development and high productivity. In determining the period of sowing, it was taken into account that the early term corresponds to the minimum soil temperature (8–10 ˚С), during which germination of soybean seeds is possible. The optimal time of sowing was determined when the soil was warmed to +12–14 ˚С. The late sowing period corresponded to an increase in the temperature of the soil to +16–18 ˚С.

The results of the research showed that the level of soybean yields is largely determined by the change in the feeding area and the way in which they are placed in the crop. In this regard, the study of the influence of the size and shape of the feeding area on the competitive interconnections of plants in agrobiocenosis and the individual productivity of plants of soybean varieties is an important scientific problem. The sowing rate was greater than the sowing method, which affected the value of soybean yield. The sort Romantyka had a maximum yield of 700 thousand hectares per hectare – 2.41 tons/ha. The low seed rates contributed to a decrease in seed yield to 2.07 t/ha – under the seed rate of 600 thousand/ha and to 1.82 tons/ha – at the rate of 500 thousand/ha. The increase in the seed rate to 800 thousand/ha was ineffective – 2.39 tons/ha. In the fast-growing sort Ustia, the highest yield was 700 tones/ha – 2.48 tons/ha. The low seed rates contributed to a decrease in seed yield to 2,11 t/ha – under the seed rate of 600 thousand/ha, to 1.99 tons/ha – at the rate of 500 thousand/ha. Increasing the seed rate to 800 thousand/ha did not contribute to the increase in yield – 2,35 tons/ha.

In congested crop, beans are formed in the upper part of plants, resulting in a low seed yield. The fluid distribution of plants is characteristic of the near-surface of the ground for laying beans, which causes significant harvest losses in harvesting.