THE MOST SIGNIFICANT FACTORS OF THE IMPACT ON THE FORMATION AND REALIZATION OF COW MILK PRODUCTIVITY

Abstract

Creating a competitive dairy cattle industry not only in Ukraine but also in the world is based on the
principles of increasing the genetic potential of livestock by various methods. Milk productivity of cows is
considered to be the most objective and economically grounded sign of dairy cattle breeds, considering that
the determining the factors, which most significantly influence the formation and realization of dairy cattle
productivity can be the basis for the creation of a highly productive herd and competitive breed. The purpose
of the research was to find out the influence of natural ecological conditions, lineage, conventional blood
relationship as to heredity of Holstein breed and ancestry on the manifestation of milk productivity of
Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed cows. Experimental studies have been carried out on cattle of differ-
ent lines and origin of the father on breeding and industrial farms of Poltava region. The effectiveness of
inclusive crossbreeding was determined by the performance of cows belonging to different genotype groups.
It has been established that the natural-ecological conditions of Poltava region provided different manifesta-
tion of the realization potential of milk yield of the first lactation cows as different genealogical formations.
Daughter offspring of Elevation 1491007, Marshall 2290977 and Chif 1427381 lines were best suited to the
environmental conditions of the region, given the average milk productivity indices. It has been recognized
that modern industrial technology of milk production contributes to the creation of a consolidated dairy herd
concerning milk yields, regardless of the cattle lineage. But even in such conditions, the productivity of live-
stock can be improved by selection, which is confirmed by the coefficients of sign variation (Сv = 15.8 ...
23.9 %). It has been found that high half-bred (87.5 % and more) Holstein cows of Ukrainian black-and-
white dairy breed were characterized by significantly higher milk productivity during a number of lactations,
as compared with those whose conventional blood relationship as to the improved breed made 62.5–87.4 %.
At the same time, inclusive crossbreeding did not affect fat content in milk of crossbred cows. It has been
determined that, depending on the parentage, milk yield of the first lactation cows varied from 5,847 kg to
8,697 kg with the highest index in the daughters of H. Windbreaker 132449988 and J. A. Ping 61089329
bulls.