CHRONIC GINGIVOSTOMATITIS OF DOMESTIC CATS

Abstract

Chronic gingivostomatitis of cats is characterized by sustained, severe inflammation of the oral cavity mucosa. According to the latest data, chronic gingivostomatitis is divided into two types: the first – affects the oral cavity without spreading to the caudal part of it, the second type affects the caudal part of the oral cavity (regardless of the affected anterior part or not) and is considered more difficult to diagnose and treat. The etiology of cat gingivostomatitis is still unknown. Age, sex and breed do not affect the incidence of chronic gingivostomatitis. There are theories that it is affected by cat immune deficit virus, leukemia virus, calicivirus. There is also a theory that the occurrence of chronic cat gingivostomatitis is influenced by Pas-teurella multocida, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Prevotella inter-media, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans bacteria. But no theory is reliable. Caudal stomatitis is a clinical symptom and lacks specific etiology and diagnosis. The diagnosis is made by visual examination. To exclude the accompanying diseases, radiological examination of teeth and adjacent tissues should be con-ducted (to exclude such diseases as pathological teeth resorption, periodontal disease, periodontitis, pulpitis, destructive changes of bone tissues, neoplasm). Treatment of chronic cat gingivostomatitis is aimed at elimi-nating inflammation. However, it is not always possible to achieve sustainable remission using conservative methods. There are several treatment techniques including complete removal of premolars and molars or all teeth from the oral cavity, immune suppressants, anti-inflammatory preparations, and antibiotics. The best choice is the antibiotic to which the microorganisms, isolated from the oral cavity, are sensitive. Among anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of chronic caudal gingivostomatitis, corticosteroids are the most effec-tive. The immune suppressive preparation cyclosporin is used as an alternative to steroids. But at present, the surgical method remains the most effective.