The current state of fish farming in Ukraine and the development of the industry in Poltava region

Abstract

Fish is a valuable food product that contains a complete set of all necessary drinking substances. If in 1961 the consumption of fish per capita in the world was 9.5‒10.5 kg, then in 2020 it will be 20.5 kg. In many countries of the world, fisheries play a significant role in maintaining the population's employment and well-being. The fishery is a supplier of raw materials for the food industry and adjusts its stocks at the expense of self-renewing resources of natural and artificial water bodies. It should be noted that in recent years there has been a significant decrease in fish stocks in the world ocean, and accordingly in the volume of its catch. This led to the spread in many countries of the development of various forms of aquaculture. In Ukraine, the fishing industry has changed significantly in recent decades. This is explained by the processes of introduction into the production of modern, newest technologies of breeding and cultivation of both existing and new types of fish, taking into account the needs of the population and market requirements. But, it should be noted that despite certain successes, our fishing industry as a whole still lags significantly behind the global pace of dynamic development. Production indicators need to be adjusted to stable standards. Therefore, the purpose of the review was to determine the state of development of the fishing industry in Ukraine, as well as to characterize the current state and prospects for the development of the industry in Poltava region. In modern conditions, many fish farms could not adapt to the requirements of a competitive market due to certain economic and social problems. And the main factors in this are the discrepancy between the price of the produced products during sale and the costs of its cultivation. As a result, more and more species of herbivorous fish are appearing on the fish market of Ukraine - crucian carp, white grass carp. Growing carp on expensive compound feed becomes economically unprofitable. The acquisition of breeding and fish stocking material also becomes problematic. But despite these problems, they still need to be solved. Currently, many regions of Ukraine have developed fisheries development programs. The main content of these programs is the state of fisheries, tasks and priority measures to improve the development of fisheries, financing and expected results. The purpose of these programs is to reproduce and preserve the ichthyofauna of reservoirs, to develop pond fish farming.