Effect of fertilizer systems with humic preparation on yield and profitability of winter wheat cultivation

Abstract

The winter wheat yield mostly depends on the weather conditions during the growing season (temperature and pre-cipitation), the presence of nutrients in the soil, and the system for wheat crops protecting from weeds. The use of humic preparations in the mixtures' composition with mineral fertilizers makes it possible to purposefully regulate the plant's potential capabilities, ensuring an increase in the efficiency of their absorption of soil nutrients, cell per-meability and regulation of mechanisms involved in plant growth stimulation. The aim of this research was to de-termine the mixtures of mineral fertilizers with humic preparation effectiveness on the yield of winter wheat grain and to provide an economic justification. Field experiments were carried out in Poltava region on typical heavy loamy chernozems using Podolyanka winter wheat cultivar during 2019–2022. The trials consisted of four fertilizer variants: ammonium nitrate, 120 kg/ha; urea, 100 kg/ha; carbamide-ammonia mixture (CAM-32), 100 kg/ha; an ammonium nitrate and Humisol-prima (1 : 1) mixture; urea and Humisol-prima (1 : 1) mixture; CAM and Humisol-prima (1 : 1) mixture. The addition of a humic preparation to nitrogen fertilizers contributed to a significant increase in their action efficiency, which was reflected in the winter wheat yield increase by an average of 15.7 %. The yield increase in the plots fertilized with mixtures of ammonium nitrate + Humisol-prima, urea + Humisol-prima, CAM + Humisol-prima was 10, 16 and 21 %, respectively, relative to the yield index obtained from the plots where pure nitrogen fertilizers were used. The highest yield increase of 21 % was obtained in the plots where the CAM + Humisol-prima mixture was applied to the soil. As a result, the maximum profit of 20,145 hrn/ha and the production profitability at the level of 142 % were obtained for this fertilizer variant.