Influence of lipid peroxidation processes in cows’ bodies on the secreto-forming function of the breast gland and hemostasis

Abstract

Physiological changes in the hemostasis system during pregnancy are a reaction of the pregnant cow's body to the compensatory costs necessary for fetal development and to possible blood loss during calving. Hemostasis factors are involved in maintaining the fluid state of the blood, regulation of transcapillary metabolism, vascular wall resistance, affecting the intensity of reparative processes, and maintaining the normal functioning of the fetoplacental system. Of particular importance for the full support of fetal development are the reactions that maintain the required level of uteroplacental circulation, as the violation of the latter leads to oxygen degradation of the fetus. Insufficient oxygen supply, i.e. hypoxia, causes complex pathological processes in the fetus. Hypoxia and stress – the reaction to it are the triggers for the activation of lipid peroxidation, which we found in the body of cows that gave birth to calves with signs of hypoxia. The impact of an aggressive intrauterine environment on the fetus (free radicals, toxic products of the floor), formed, negatively affected the functioning of several metabolic systems, including antioxidant defense systems. We found that catalase activity in cows from which calves with signs of hypoxia were obtained immediately after calving was 1.66 times higher (p<0.01). On the fifth day after calving, it remained 1.52 times higher than in the blood of mother cows of functionally active newborn calves (p<0.01). The content of lipid hydroperoxides (D233 per 1 ml of blood plasma) in the blood of control cows after calving and on the 5th day after calving was 2.94–3.1 times lower than in cows from which calves with signs of hypoxia were obtained. This significantly affected the relative content of acylhydroperoxides in the blood of cows that gave birth to calves with signs of hypoxia. Activation of lipid peroxidation affected the hemostasis of cows. The prothrombin index in cows of the first experimental group was 1.27 times, the international normalized blood ratio of cows of the first experimental group was 1.08 times, and the thrombin time was 1.09 times (p<0.05) more than in animals of the second group. The partially activated thrombin time of the blood of cows of the first experimental group remained 1.18 times more (p<0.05) than that of cows of the second group, and the fibrinogen content was 2.47 times less (p<0.001). Decreased secretory function of breast tissue of cows of the second group.