Biological yield of winter triticale grain with various option for pre-sowing fertilization and top dressing in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of various options for pre-sowing
application of complex fertilizers in interaction with foliar fertilization on the biological yield of the
grain of the main and side stems of triticale winter variety Shalanda. The research was carried out
during 2018–2020 in the field of the private agricultural enterprise «Shevchenko» of the Velykoburlutsk
district of the Kharkiv region according to accepted methods. The two-factor experiment was
carried out by the method of split plots in four repetitions. The experiments studied the effectiveness of
three options for pre-sowing fertilization with seven options of foliar fertilization (21 options). The area
of the sowing plot was 150 m2, the accounting plot was 100 m2. Agricultural technology in experiments
was generally accepted for the territory of research, with the exception of the elements put to study. A
different temperature regime and significant differences in the amount of precipita-tion and its
distribution during the springsummer vegetation of winter triticale made significant corrections in the
course of plant growth processes, which significantly affected the indicators of biological grain yield. At
the same time, it made it possible to more fully determine the impact of the studied options on the level
of this indicator. The highest biological yield of the main and side system of winter triticale stems in the
conducted studies – 5.21 and 1.68 t/ha respectively, was formed in the variant of presowing application
of ammophos (N12P52), root top dressing with am-monium nitrate (N50) during the 22 microphase
according to the international scale of the BBCH, followed by two foliar feedings during the 31 and 39
microphases with a mixture of urea (10 kg/ha), magnesium sulfate (1.5 kg/ha) and complex watersoluble
fertilizer Ferkrystal Summum (1.5 kg/ha). Late foliar fertilizing with a mixture of these fertilizers during
the 73 microphase did not provide significant increase in the biological yield of both stem systems of
winter triticale in any year. The high efficiency of the complex watersoluble Ferkrystal Su mmum
fertilizer has been proven. Its addition to the working mixture of urea and magnesium sulfate during
foliar fertilization in microphases 31 and 39 ensured a significant increase in the biological yield of
both the main and side system of winter triticale stems. In particular, on average over three years of
research, the addition of this fertilizer to the biological yield of grain from the main and side stems of
winter triticale by 0.14 and 0.09 t/ha respectively (LSD05 – 0.10 and 0.05 t/ha respectively).