NEW BREEDING FORMS OF SOYBEAN FOR FODDER PRODUCTION

Abstract

Soybean is one of the promising, but insufficiently studied crops in fodder production. Its high productivi-
ty, early maturity and multipurpose use (flour, green fodder, bean cake, oilseed meal, hay, silage, protein
concentrates, and soybean milk) confirm the high potential in strengthening the fodder base of livestock
farming. The absence of pubescence on soybean plants is an extremely rare and valuable property for the
effective use of such forms in fodder production. The importance of the unique soybean parent material
without pubescence for the creation of new generation varieties for various uses was highlighted.
Quantitative and qualitative seed indicators are important economic and valuable traits. The following gen-
erally accepted methods were used: scientific, special, laboratory and mathematical-statistical.
Non-pubescent soybean lines, which have a combination of economically valuable traits and properties
(high yield, large seeds, beans do not crack at ripening) were obtained by hybridization of non-pubescent
forms with the best lines and varieties of Poltava selection. The qualitative composition of seed and green
mass (oil, protein, fiber, ash, etc.) was analyzed in comparison with the national standards (Ustia, Yug-30,
Annushka). The research results on the study of newly created, non-pubescent soybean lines, which had
higher indicators of economic effectiveness than the standards had, were given. Much attention was paid to
the fatty acid composition of oil in the seed of the studied varieties and lines. The results of evaluating
varieties by the ratio of fatty acids were presented. This is important in order to obtain higher quality raw
materials in fodder production. Thus, fifty non-pubescent lines exceeded Almaz and Adamos standard varie-
ties by the indicators of economic effectiveness, in particular the fatty acid composition of oil. The
peculiarities and breeding value of the newly created parent material without pubescence in selecting
varieties for animal and poultry feed were determined on the basis of a detailed study of seed and green
mass quality indicators of non-pubescent lines and the best varieties. Varieties without pubescence are
absent in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine.