FORMATION OF YIELD STRUCTURE ELEMENTS IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT DEPENDING ON GROWING CONDITIONS

Abstract

The article presents the analysis results of yield structure elements of Kokhanka, Misiya Odeska and
Pylypivka winter wheat varieties, which were sown after black fallow (at the background of pre-sowing
application of N30P60K30 complete fertilizer) and after spring barley (N60P60K30) with further crops additional
fertilizing with N60 locally after both predecessors at the end of plants tillering phase. The research was
conducted in 2016–2018 at the State Enterprise “Experimental Farm “Dnipro” affiliated with the State
Establishment “Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS” in the crop rotation chain of black fallow – winter
wheat – spring barley – winter wheat. It was established that during all the years of the research after black
fallow, in comparison with crops after spring barley, such indicators as plant height and productive plant
stand density were higher. Thus, during winter wheat cultivation after black fallow, the plants height in
Kokhanka variety varied between 79.9–85.3 cm depending on the research year, Misiya Odeska variety –
86.2–89.0 cm; and in Pylypivka variety it was the largest – 95.7–105.6 cm. After spring barley, this indicator
value according to the variety was equal to 70.0–76.1; 76.5–77.9 and 81.2–89.9 cm. Productive stems
number per 1 m2 in Kokhanka variety grown after black fallow varied depending on the years of the research
in the range of 561.5–643.0 pcs., in Misiya Odeska variety – 507.2–612.6, and in Pylypivka variety – 556.6–
644.5 pcs. After stubble predecessor, the values of this indicator decreased by 139.5–249.3 pcs.; 72.7–
204.0 pcs.; and 72.7–204.0 pcs., respectively, depending on the variety. According to the experimental data,
in 2016, as compared with other years, winter wheat plants after both predecessors formed the largest
number of grains in the ear (up to 33.9–43.6 pcs. after black fallow and 39.5–50.0 pcs. after spring barley),
but thousand-kernel weight was the lowest, especially after non-fallow predecessor (27.9–33.9 g). On the
whole, in 2016, the maximum indicators of biological yield were formed; they amounted to 730.9–855.1 g/m2
after black fallow, depending on the variety, and 564.5–653.3 g/m2 after spring barley. At cultivating winter
wheat after black fallow each year, different varieties prevailed in terms of biological yield. At the same
time, after spring barley, the best results during all years of the research were obtained when Pylypivka
variety was used.