Promising non-pubescent varieties of cultivated soybean

Abstract

Soybean – Glycine max (L.) Merr.) occupies the world's largest area among legumes and ranks fourth in terms of production after wheat, corn and rice. At the present stage of soybean cultivation, the role of the variety is significantly increasing. The article presents the results of studying the indicators of economic suitability of new breeding lines and varieties of soybeans created at Poltava State Agrarian University. Morion, Serdolik, and Citrine are unique because they have no pubescence on all parts of the plant. There are no pubescent varieties in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine. The purpose of our research was to determine the level of manifestation of the main economically valuable indicators of the newly developed varieties and breeding lines in comparison with the best registered varieties. The field studies were conducted (2022–2023) in the conditions of the Farm “Gryga” (Poltava district, Poltava region). Soil – podzolized black soil, predecessor – winter wheat. The object of research is three new varieties without pubescence: Morion, Serdolik and Citrine. These varieties have a growing season of 99–100 days, so they were compared to the standard variety Anthracite. Over the two years of study in the competitive variety trial, the seed yield of the Morion variety was 3.7 t/ha, which is at the level of the standard. In the variety carnelian, the yield was significantly higher than its value in the standard variety and amounted to 3.8 t/ha. The Citrine variety had the same yield as the standard – 3.6 t/ha. The yield of conditioned seeds in all non-dusted varieties was higher than in the standard Anthracite. The largest weight of 1000 seeds was demonstrated by the variety serdolik – 225 g, which is 6 g more than the standard variety. In the varieties Morion and Citrine, this figure was significantly lower and amounted to 179 and 160 g, respectively. The protein content in the seeds of the varieties without pubescence was at the level of the standard variety and amounted to 39 %. And in terms of fat content, all three varieties without pubescence were inferior to the Anthracite variety, whose seeds contain 24 % fat. In the Morion variety, this figure was 22 %, and in the Serdolik and Citrine varieties – 21 %. In 2024, the Morion, Serdolik and Citrine varieties were submitted for state qualification examination in order to obtain rights to them.