Influence of the fertilizer system on the biometric, productive and quality indicators of sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

Based on the results of two-year studies, the influence of technology elements on plant biometric indicators, the formation of productivity elements and qualitative indicators of sunflower hybrids of different maturity groups was determined. More favorable conditions for the growth of hybrids Kadet, Yarylo, Vyriy were created by applying mineral fertilizers with a dose of N12P52 + foliar feeding of plants with urea (10 kg/ha) in the phase of 5–6 pairs of leaves. Compared to the control (without fertilizers), the height of the plants in the flowering phase on these variants increased from 10.0 to 16.0 cm. However, the area of the leaf surface on one plant was the largest with the application of mineral fertilizers with a dose of N32Р32К32 + treatment of sunflower hybrid crops with urea (10 kg/ha) and amounted to 56.5 dm², 50.2 dm², 57.1 dm², which is 14.1 dm², 14.9 dm², 17.9 dm² more compared to the option without fertilizers. Fertilizer application increased the diameter of the basket by 0.2–1.4 cm and the weight of 1000 pcs. of seeds by 0.4–5.0 g compared to the control (without fertilizers). The maximum yield of hybrids Kadet, Yarylo, Vyrii was obtained with the main application of mineral fertilizers with a dose of N32Р32К32 and foliar feeding of plants with urea (10 kg/ha) – 3.14 t/ha, 2.47 t/ha, 3.19 t/ha, respectively. The increase compared to the control (without fertilizers) was 0.38 t/ha, 0.40 t/ha and 0.44 t/ha. When applying only a dose of N32Р32К32 or feeding plants with potassium humate (0.4 l/ha) against the background of this dose, the yield of hybrids compared to the option without fertilizers increased by 0.28–0.40 t/ha. In case of application of N12P52 mineral fertilizer and its combination with foliar feeding of plants with urea (10 kg/ha) or potassium humate (0.4 l/ha), the yield of hybrids decreased compared to the previous options. However, compared to the control (without fertilizers), the productivity indicators were higher – from 0.10 t/ha to 0.24 t/ha depending on the fertilizer option. The highest oil content in the seeds was formed in hybrids Kadet, Yarylo, Vyriy with the application of mineral fertilizers with a dose of N12P52 + foliar fertilizing of plants with urea 10 kg/ha – 50,3 %, 50,5 %, 51,5 %, respectively. The highest rates of oil collection were, due to greater productivity, in the case of application of mineral fertilizers with a dose of N32Р32К32 + foliar feeding of plants with urea 10 kg/ha – 1380 kg/ha, 1088 kg/ha and 1432 kg/ha, respectively, for hybrids. As a result of this agromeasure, this indicator was increased by 176 kg/ha in the Kadet hybrid, 179 kg/ha in the Yarylo hybrid, and 213 kg/ha in the Vyrii hybrid compared to the control (without fertilizers).