Scientificly based optimization of agricultural techniques for growing soy

Abstract

In modern conditions, an important reserve for increasing soybeans productivity is the improvement of nutrition conditions with the help of fertilizers and growth stimulants, which provide potential productivity of soybean varieties of the intensive type. The purpose of the study is to identify the effect of fertilizers and preparations with growth-regulating substances and microelements on the growth and development of medium-ripening Fieria soybean plants in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The task is to determine the influence of elements of growing technology on the height, mass of plants, area of leaves, number of nodules, and formation of elements of crop structure. The research was conducted during 2020–2022 in the conditions of Kirovohrad region. The soil is ordinary medium-humus heavy loamy chernozem. The field experiment was laid out using the block method. Factor A (mineral fertilizers): 1). Control (without fertilizers), 2). N30P30K30. Factor B (preparations): 1). Control (without treatment), 2). Fulvigrin Bor 1.5 l/ha, 3). Potassium humate 1.0 l/ha, 4). Micro-Mineralis 1.5 l/ha. Crops were treated with preparations in the budding phase. Mineral fertilizers were applied by spreading method under pre-sowing cultivation. As a result of the research, it was established that the use of mineral fertilizers and preparations contributed to the increase in the height and mass of soybean plants, while the use of Micro-Mineralis was more effective, while applying N30P30K30, the increase compared to the absolute control was 9.6 cm (11.3%) and 8.2 g (21.9%), respectively. The most significant increase in the area of the leaf surface of one plant was formed using of Micro-Mineralis in combination with the application of mineral fertilizers. The increase in the indicator was 167 cm2, which is 18.2%. A complex application of fertilizers had a positive effect on the formation of nodules. Thus, their number increased by 6.1‒9.4 pcs./plant, which is 21.4‒33.0%. The highest efficiency was provided by Micro-Mineralis, the lowest by Fulvigrin Bor. The use of fertilizers contributed to an increase in seed mass by 0.15 g/plant, and with a complex application of preparations by 0.22‒0.42 g/plant, or 5.2‒9.9%. The weight of 1.000 seeds changed little under the influence of the preparations. The indicator was higher using Micro-Mineralis with application of mineral nutrition of 143.5 g, which is higher than the absolute control by 3.1 g, or 2.2 %. The yield data showed that the highest productivity was provided by the preparation Micro-Mineralis using fertilizers – 2.22 t/ha, the yield increase was 0.3 t/ha (15.6%). With the use of Fulvigrin Bor and potassium humate, the increase was 0.21 and 0.25 t/ha, using N30P30K30 – 0.15 t/ha.