Efficiency of the application of fungicides in the protection of winter wheat from dominant spots

Abstract

Leaf and stem infections of winter wheat plants result in a decrease in the surface area of the
leaves and intensity of photosynthesis during spike development and grain filling, which negatively
affects productivity of the crop. It requires high-quality monitoring of phytosanitary conditions of
agrocenoses and implementation of appropriate protection measures. In case of intensive
development of diseases, the use of fungicides is warranted. Their assortment is continuously
updated. Thus, the aim of the research was to establish the optimal terms of application of fungicides
to protect winter wheat from dominant spots. Research was carried out during 2020–2021 in the
Poltava region according to generally accepted methods of field and laboratory research on the
effectiveness of fungicides. It was established that the dominant leaf and stem infections in winter
wheat agrocenoses were septoriosis and pyrenophorosis. During the research, the effectiveness of one
and two applications of the following fungicides against a complex of diseases of leaves and spikes
was studied: Esculap 250, k.e. (propiconazole, 250 g/l) – triazole derivatives; Impact K, k.s.
(flutriafol, 117.5 g/l + carbendazim, 250 g/l) – triazole derivatives + benzimidazoles; Elatus Ria
358 ES, k.e. (solatenol, 83.33 g/l + propiconazole, 208.33 g/l + cyproconazole, 66.67 g/l). The use of
modern fungicides provided effective protection of the photosynthetic surface of winter wheat plants
from damage by septoria and pyrenophorous spots. In addition, the studied compounds showed a
pronounced physiological effect due to photosynthesis prolongation (greening effect), which positively
affected the grain productivity of plants and the technological quality of grain. The highest technical
and economic efficiency was registered in groups with one and two applications of fungicide Elatus
Ria 358 EC, k.e. Upon analysis of obtained data, one can assume that efficiency of one application of
fungicides during the period of emergence into the tube exhibits protective antifungal activity of the
compound while two applications exhibit a therapeutic effect.