The peculiarities of individual productivity formation of soybean plants (Glycine hispida Moench.) under conditions of different supply with elements of mineral nutrition

Abstract

Soybean is a strategic crop of global importance that plays a key role in overcoming the food
crisis. Its grain has a unique combination of organic compounds and mineral substances of the two
most important components - protein and oil, which play a key role in the physiological and
biochemical processes of human and animal life. Formation of crop productivity occurs during the
growing season in close relationship with life factors. In their group, one of the key positions is
occupied by the nutrient regime of the soil. The use of the microbiological preparations, macro - and
microfertilizers are important agrotechnical methods that able to improve the supply of plants with
elements of mineral nutrition. The purpose of the research is to find out the effect of mineral
fertilizers, microelements and a microbiological preparation based on the nitrogen -fixing
microorganisms on the soybean productivity formation. Results of the research indicate that the presowing
seed treatment with the microfertilizer and microbiological preparation contributed to
intensification of growth processes, formation of the optimal optical and biological structure of crops
and the corresponding improvement of the conditions of development and formation of plants
biological productivity in them. The combination of such agrotechnical methods proved to be the most
effective in the variant with application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of active substance N 35P70K70.
In this case, an average of 18.2 pcs. beans were formed on the plants, with an average number of
grains in them of 2.3 pcs. The total number of grains from a plant and the weight of 1000 of them
were, respectively, 41.9 pcs. and 157.4 g. The size of the structural elements of individual plant
productivity and their number per unit area determined the level of crop productivity. Accordingly, its
values were the highest in general according to the experiment (2.78 t ha-1) in the variants with a
combine using of mineral fertilizers with a dose of active substance N35P70K70, a microbiological
preparation and microfertilizer. In the variant where the pre-sowing seed treatment was carried out
only with a microbiological preparation, a decrease in the grain productivity of soybean crops was
noted, compared to the complex application of macro- and microfertilizer and a microbiological
preparation, by 0.1–0.12 t ha-1.