he peculiarities of soya variety resources and yield formation in Ukraine

Abstract

Soya is the main grain legume of the world arable farming. The top priority task for soya production is
the purposeful work to create and introduce in agrarian practice highly productive varieties adapted to
specific cultivation conditions. Each variety is characterized by definite manifestations and interconnection
of plants’ seed productivity structural elements, the degree of changeability and the presence of the most
characteristic of them, which are the least changeable within the variety. The purpose of the research was to
study the peculiarities of forming variety resources, the size of sown areas, yield capacity and gross
production of soya seeds in Ukraine. The dynamics of soya varieties number in the State Register of Plant
Varieties suitable for spreading in Ukraine during 2013-2022 was studied. It has been established that from
2013 to2022 the variety assortment in the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for spreading in Ukraine
considerably increased – from 125 varieties in 2013 to 279 in 2022. It is the evidence of a wide spectrum of
using the crop and the interest of consumers in this crop. The investigation of the available soya assortment
shows that as far as the duration of vegetation period is concerned the majority of varieties belong to earlymaturing
group. The dynamics of changing the size of sown areas, yield capacity, and gross production of
soya seeds in Ukraine during 1990-2020 was analyzed. The areas of soya harvesting in Ukraine during
1990-2020 changed considerably. From 2010, the increase was rather intensive. If in 1990, the area of soya
harvesting made only 87.8 thou ha, in 2017, it was already 1,981.9 thou ha. After 2017, the tendency was
observed to decrease the sown areas. In 2020, Zakarpattia region was the leader in soya yield capacity
where it made 3.34 t/ha, on the average. The other two leading regions were Zaporizhzhia (3.11 t/ha) and
Kherson (3.07 t/ha) regions. The maximum average yield was registered in 2018 and it made 2.58 t/ha. The
tendency of soya yield increase was clearly noted during 2018-2020. The leaders in gross grain yields in
2020 were Khmelnytsky (321.3 thou tons), Kherson (236.1 thou tons), Zhytomyr (231.3 thou tons), Lviv
(229.0 thou tons), and Poltava (221.2 thou tons) regions. It has been established that at present Ukraine has
a powerful potential for further increase of soya seeds production due to the creation of highly adaptive
varieties with stable yield capacity.