Peculiarities of growth and development of sunflower depending on biopreparations.

Abstract

Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with biological products is now one of the promising agricultural techniques in
the technology of growing crops. Most seeds are treated before or just before sowing. The use of biological products,
in the first place, increases the resistance of seedlings and plants against adverse environmental influences, diseases
and pests, activation of plant growth and development, which in turn should lead to increased yields and product
quality. Evaluation of the effect of the studied biological products on field germination showed that the biological
products Flavobacterin and Mizorin, as in laboratory studies, had a more stimulating effect on the germination of
sunflower seeds. As a result of pre-sowing treatment of sunflower seeds with these biological products, the field
similarity over the years of research (2019–2021) was 92.0 and 93.7 %, respectively, for biological products, with
87 % under control. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with other studied biological products also contributed to the
increase of field germination against control: Albite – 89.2 %; Extrasol – 91.0 %. A slight effect on the effect on
sunflower yield was in the version with the biological product Flafobacterin on all three methods of application.
Thus, when using this biological product, the yield compared to the control increased by the methods of application
of 0.03–0.23 t/ha. In addition, for each biological product, you can find the most effective way to use it, as a result of
which it is possible to obtain the largest collection of oil per unit area. Thus, the biological product Albit worked
most effectively with double treatment (pre-sowing seed treatment + spraying on vegetative plants), in this case the
yield was 2.9 t/ha. The active substance of Albit is polybetahydroxybutyric acid from soil bacteria, the substance is
more resistant to environmental factors than the living microorganisms. Therefore, there is also the effect of
spraying vegetative plants, in contrast to biological products containing live microorganisms.