ADAPTABILITY GRADATION OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPE PIGS DEPENDING ON TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Abstract

The article deals with studying the change in heat resistance of fattening pigs depending on technological
conditions. The purpose and task of the conducted research were to reveal various levels of
adaptability of experimental genotypes at traditional and intensive production technologies, find the
impact share of genotype and environmental factors on physiological indicators of pigs. The work
was conducted under traditional (before the reconstruction) and intensive (after the reconstruction)
production technologies at outdoor air temperature of +23 ºС – +34 ºС on gilts aged 4-5 months. Before
the reconstruction, the genotypes of Large White (LW) breed of the Ukrainian selection and Poltavska
Meat (PM) breed were used; after the reconstruction, to receive fattening young pigs, the sows
of Large White breed of the German selection, boars of Landrace (L) and Pietrain (P) breeds, and
Cantor (C) terminal breeding boars were used. The research analysis has shown that in the pigsty,
before the reconstruction, 80% of two breed crosses of LW × PM had a low adaptability; at the same
time, purebred pigs of LW breed had a high (40%, adaptation index (AI) = 15.9) and average (40%,
AI =9.2, Р≤0.01) adaptability. The studies have shown that after the reconstruction, the best adaptability
indices were registered in pigs with (LW×L) × C genotype – 40% having high (AI=20.3) and
average – 60% (AI =8.6, Р≤0.001) adaptation indices. The obtained results show that the pigs having
a high adaptation level, on the average, reliably prevailed the gilts of the same age having a low adaptation
level as to the body temperature indicators in the daytime by 0.32ºС (Р≤0.01), heart rate in
the morning – by 65.5 beats/min (47.8%) and in the daytime – by 49.5 beats/min (14.3%, Р≤0.001), as
well as adaptation index – by 15.1 units (by 4.4 times, Р≤0.001). The reliable effect has been established
– 31.7–35.8 % (Р≤0.05) of the genotype on the heart rate in the groups of fattening gilts irrespective
of the technological production parameters. High reliability was also registered as to the
genotype influence on the heart rate in the morning and daytime before the reconstruction – 35.8,
28.0 % (Р≤0.05).