The influence of the variety on the manifestation of economic ‒ valuable characters of buckwheat

Abstract

Today, buckwheat is one of the niche agricultural crops due to its dependence on weather and climate conditions of the environment, which reduce its high productivity potential (yield and product quality). At the same time, the level of consumption of buckwheat in Ukraine exceeds the amount of cultivation, which causes its export of questionable quality from neighboring countries. This leads to the need to strengthen state support for domestic producers, to create and introduce into production varieties with high productivity potential in conditions of changes in natural and climatic factors. Buckwheat is an extremely valuable food product for humans. The value of buckwheat grain is determined by the composition of its protein complex. In terms of nutrition, it is more valuable than the protein of cereal grains and comes close to the protein of legumes, it is easily absorbed. There are also salts of iron, calcium, phosphorus, trace elements, organic acids, vitamins. Due to the weather problems that have recently affected both our region and Ukraine as a whole, the role of buckwheat as an insurance crop is increasing. It is about harvest crops. This is another extremely valuable biological property for the manufacturer. The so-called repeated (harvest) sowing of buckwheat can be practiced in all zones of Ukraine. As you know, buckwheat plants have enormous potential for seed productivity. After all, depending on the variety and growing conditions, some of them can form from 4,000 to 7,000 flowers. Unfortunately, in field conditions, only 5–15 % of flowers are pollinated and form fruits, and the set fruits die en masse. The reasons for this are the effect of environmental factors (air temperature, humidity and supply of power elements, etc.). Depending on their ecotype and economic orientation, each of them is recommended for a specific natural and climatic zone of the country. Recently, domestic breeders have bred high-yielding varieties of buckwheat, which stand out favorably from their predecessors in terms of a number of economic and valuable properties, and at the same time have developed varietal technologies for their cultivation. When analyzing the results of the conducted research, we can recommend the farm to grow the following varieties: in terms of yield, the Oranta, Ruslan and Volya varieties are the best; according to the highest indicators of protein content, varieties Oranta, Sofia, Ruslana; in terms of filminess and yield of pure kernel, all varieties were at the level of average data.