Scientific journal "Scientific Progress & Innovations" is included in the "List of scientific professional editions of Ukraine" Category B, in which the results of thesis papers for Doctor of Sciences, Candidate of Sciences, and Ph.D degrees in agricultural, veterinary, and technical sciences can be published (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine №409 dated 17.03.2020 and №886 dated 02.07.2020). The journal is published four times a year. FOUNDER – Poltava State Agrarian University. Has been issued since December 1998.
Полтавський державний аграрний університет
The impact of sowing dates and seeding rates on the yield and grain quality of winter bread wheat under climate change conditions in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine
Winter bread wheat is one of the key grain crops, ensuring food security and economic stability in many countries. The high yield and grain quality of this crop are crucial for the food industry and its export potential. These characteristics are formed under the influence of multiple factors, among which sowing dates, seeding rates, and weather conditions play a significant role. This study aims to determine the impact of sowing dates and seeding rates on the yield and grain quality indicators of winter soft wheat under climate change conditions. The research was conducted from 2022 to 2024 in the agro-climatic conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The study is focused on Ukrainian-bred winter soft wheat varieties: Perepilka Odeska, Mudrist Odeska, and Shchedrist Odeska. The analysis of climatic conditions revealed their variability, which significantly influenced the organogenesis of winter wheat. In 2024, the spring-summer temperature gradient, combined with insufficient moisture, was a particularly critical factor. Under more favorable weather conditions in 2023, the grain yield of all studied varieties was higher than in 2024, reaching a maximum of 9.85–9.92 t ha⁻¹ with sowing on September 10 at a seeding rate of 3 million seeds/ha. The tillering coefficient of plants in 2023 was higher due to better moisture availability during the spring period, whereas in 2024, the increased average monthly temperatures and low precipitation in April and May led to a reduction in the tillering coefficient by 0.1–0.4 units compared to the previous year. It was found that the most favorable sowing dates for achieving an optimal tillering coefficient were September 20 (seeding rate of 4 million seeds/ha) and September 10 (3 million seeds ha⁻¹). The number of productive stems remained relatively stable across both years, ranging between 8.0–8.8 million/ha at optimal sowing dates (September 10–20). Grain moisture during the study years was within the standard range (10.2–11.8 %) but decreased from early to later sowing dates while increasing with higher seeding rates. The test weight of the grain did not show significant changes due to weather conditions, remaining within 735–782 g L⁻¹, but was influenced by sowing dates and seeding rates. The highest test weight was observed for August 15 sowing with a seeding rate of 1 million seeds/ha (≥775 g L⁻¹, Grade 1 grain) and September 30 with 5 million seeds/ha (750–775 g L⁻¹, Grade 2 grain). The thousand-kernel weight remained relatively stable, fluctuating between 33–42 g, and decreased as the seeding rate increased.
Copyright (c) 2025 Scientific Progress & Innovations https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of protecting amaranth crops from fungal diseases
Given the current small acreage, the development of diseases on amaranth plants is insignificant. However, with the expansion of cultivated areas and under weather conditions favourable for the development of pathogens and unfavourable for plant growth, crops may develop mycoses caused by fungi of the genera Fusarium, Cercospora, Colletotrichum, Alternaria, Rhizoctonia, Pythium and Cladosporium, as well as viral diseases. Research on the ef-fectiveness of fungicides on amaranth crops was conducted in 2022–2023 on dark grey podzolic soil at the experi-mental field of the Department of Plant Production Technologies of the Lviv National University of Natural Re-sources. The experimental design included a control and five variants of fungicide application during the panicle formation phase of amaranth plants. The effectiveness of the following preparations was studied: Abacus, 12.5 % s.e. (suspension emulsion), Acanto Plus, 28 % s.c. (suspension concentrate), Amistar Extra, 28 % s.c., Quadris Top, 32.5 % s.c., Madison, 26.3 % s.c., which contain two active ingredients – from the triazole group and the stro-bilurin group. At the time of spraying amaranth with the studied preparations in the budding phase, the degree of plant damage by the main diseases was weak and amounted to: anthracnose – 2.5 %, phomopsidosis – 3.0 %, alter-nariosis – 2.0 %. On the third day after spraying, the difference in plant damage was observed between the experi-mental variants and the control, but was not noticeable between the variants themselves. On the seventh day after spraying, the development of diseases in the variants with fungicides differed slightly depending on the product applied and increased in the control. The use of fungicides effectively limited the further development of anthrac-nose, phomopsis and alternariosis on plants. Plant damage in the fungicide-treated variants was minimal compared to the control. The effectiveness of fungicides containing two active ingredients – from the triazole and strobilurin groups – at the beginning of the budding phase has been established. The choice of specific preparations for spraying plants should be made taking into account the dominant types of phytopathogens.
The effect of bio- and mineral fertilizers on corn grain yield
An effective way to stabilize corn production, an important crop with universal use, is to optimize plant nutrition through a combination of biological and mineral fertilizers. A field experiment to study the effect of different levels of mineral fertilization and pre-sowing seed treatment with Bio-Mineralis biofertilizer (3.0 L t-1) on the yield of the mid-season corn hybrid DN Demeter (FAO 300) was conducted in 2022–2024 at the experimental field of the Poltava State Agricultural Experimental Station named after M.I. Vavilov of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agro-Industrial Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different levels of mineral fertilizer and the use of biofertilizer on corn yield formation. The experiment showed that improving the nutritional status of plants by the use of mineral fertilizers, seed treatment with biofertilizer and their combination had a positive effect on the growth, development, and formation of corn productivity elements. This was confirmed by an increase in leaf surface area compared with the control. The most effective was the variant with the combined use of biofertilizers and mineral fertilizers – in this case, the leaf surface indicators were the highest. As a result of the formation of a more developed leaf surface and increased productivity of photosynthetic activity of plants, an increase in plant weight in a completely dry state was observed. This was most evident in the variant with the use of Bio-Mineralis in combination with N70P60K80. Increasing the intensity of organic matter synthesis contributed to their better supply to ears and grains during filling, which resulted in grain yield increase. The highest yield – 8.21 t ha-1 – was obtained in the variant with pre-sowing seed treatment with Bio-mineralis biofertilizer and N70P60K80 application. The increase in yield due to the use of mineral fertilizers was 11.8–15.2 %, and the seed treatment with biofertilizer contributed to an increase in grain productivity by 1.8 %.
The effect of chemical and biological agents on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) disease development in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Chickpea is a promising crop for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine; however, its productivity is limited by phytopathogenic infections. The aim of the study was to assess the species composition of phytopathogenic microflora and the effectiveness of chemical and biological protection against major chickpea pathogens under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was carried out in 2023 and 2024 on experimental plots in Myrhorod District, Poltava Region using two chickpea varieties – Zehavit and Kira. The results identified the phytopathogenic microflora associated with chickpea, including Ascochyta rabiei, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium ultimum. The analysis of their spread dynamics showed an increase in the frequency of seed infection in 2024 compared to 2023, correlating with a lower hydrothermal coefficient and moisture deficit during the spring period. The Kira variety demonstrated higher resistance to the complex of phytopathogens compared to Zehavit, which was confirmed by lower prevalence and disease intensity. The highest infection rates were associated with Ascochyta rabiei and Alternaria alternata, requiring particular attention when developing protection schemes. The use of chemical seed treatments effectively suppressed pathogen development, while the combination of Maxim Advance with the biofungicide Trichodermin provided the highest biological efficacy (81.2–86.8 %), surpassing both chemical and biological agents used individually. These findings confirm the feasibility of using integrated protection schemes to improve the phytosanitary condition of chickpea crops. The obtained results can serve as a basis for developing practical recommendations for protecting chickpea against seed-borne and soil-borne infections under the agroecological conditions of the Poltava region, taking into account varietal characteristics and climatic factors.
The formation of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) yield capacity depending on the sown areas weed infestation
Hemp is a crop, which requires the diligently developed cultivation technology without considering its unique adaptive ability and competition with weeds as well as resistance to unfavorable cultivation factors. The analysis of theoretical material has shown that there is a considerable lack of data and scientific results. In Ukraine, a limited amount of herbicides for applying on hemp is available; therefore the topicality of the research is undoubted, as some preparations may have a considerable negative effect on the crop itself. In connection with all the above mentioned, the purpose of the paper was to find the peculiarities of hemp seed and straw yield formation depending on weed infestation and using the rates of herbicides to control their amount. The studies were conducted with Glesia, Sofia, and Gliana hemp varieties in “Olyshivka” LLC of Chernihiv region. To make the experiment, Gesagard, Stomp and Senkor Liquid herbicides were used. It was found that the use of minimal rates of Gesagard (1.5 l/ha), Stomp (1.5 /ha), and Senkor Liquid (0.3 l/ha) herbicides favored the increase in seed yield by 0.12–0.20 t/ha in comparison with the control, where the herbicides were not applied. Straw yield grew considerably less; however the increase to 8 % was statistically reliable. The highest straw yield was fixed on the variants when using Senkor Liquid (metribuzin, 600 g/l) in the rates of 0.3 l/ha and 0.5 l/ha. The increase in the preparation application rate to 0.75 l/ha caused the decrease in the straw yield by 0.1 t/ha. Such results are explained by the dependence between the amount and weight of segetal plants and hemp yield capacity – the unfavorable effect of weeds on seed yield in hemp agro-ecosystem was characterized by a strong negative correlation – r = –0.72, and on straw yield it was somewhat lower and made r = –0.57. It has been found that the main factor, which affects the yield formation, was the conditions of cultivation years – moisture deficit against the background of high temperatures caused almost the double seeds yield decrease. However, the straw yield increase was observed.
Varietal optimization of winter wheat for increasing yield and improving grain quality under the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Winter bread wheat is a leading cereal crop in Ukraine, playing a key role in ensuring national food security and the export potential of the agricultural sector. Under conditions of increasing climatic instability and growing demands for grain quality, varietal optimization becomes increasingly important for improving adaptability, yield, and grain quality. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of replacing the Bardotka variety with the Baletka variety based on yield and grain quality indicators under the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2022–2025 at the Bilagro LLC farm (Krasnohorivka village, Myrhorod district, Poltava region). The study focused on two Czech-bred winter bread wheat varieties: Bardotka and Baletka. It was established that replacing Bardotka with Baletka resulted in a significant increase in agrocenosis productivity: the average yield of Baletka exceeded that of Bardotka by 0.98 t/ha (+22.0 %). Furthermore, Baletka demonstrated greater yield stability under fluctuating climatic conditions, as confirmed by a lower coefficient of variation. Grain quality indicators of Baletka were also superior: the protein content was 1.82 p.p. higher, crude gluten content was 3.78 p.p. higher, and the thousand-grain weight was 5.6 g greater. These results ensured Baletka’s consistent classification as a valuable wheat variety, whereas Bardotka did not always meet quality standards. The analysis of hydrothermal conditions revealed Baletka’s higher adaptability to climatic stress, particularly during the grain-filling stage, when it maintained high productivity even under critically low hydrothermal coefficient values. Enhanced winter hardiness and drought resistance contributed to stable yield formation regardless of weather fluctuations. The results confirm the agronomic and economic efficiency of the varietal replacement, which leads to improved productivity, better grain quality, and greater production stability of winter bread wheat under climate change.
Monitoring the collection of the Ustimivsky Dendrological Park for detection of harmful agents
The Ustymivsky Dendrological Park is one of the oldest and most valuable nature conservation areas in Ukraine, established to preserve, study, and introduce tree and shrub species in the steppe zone. Its dendroflora collection comprises more than 470 taxa, ensuring unique biodiversity, yet requiring constant monitoring and protection. The preservation of plants ex situ is complicated by the influence of multiple stress factors, including climate change, abiotic stressors, as well as invasive and native pests. The mass spread of phytophagous insects in collection plantations may result in the loss of valuable species, a decline in ornamental value, and reduced ecological stability of the park ecosystem. Comprehensive long-term studies of the phytosanitary condition of the dendrological park made it possible to identify more than 50 pest species. The most dangerous among them are adelgids, the European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer), spindle ermine moth (Yponomeuta cagnagellus), the ash blister beetle (Agrilus convexicollis), rose chafers (Cetoniinae), the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), and the horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella). The population dynamics of these phytophages, their developmental characteristics, seasonal patterns of harmfulness, and the scale of damage to individual tree and shrub species were determined. Special emphasis was placed on invasive species that actively expand their range under climate warming and represent a serious threat to introduced plants. The results of the research confirmed that the exclusive use of mechanical and biological control methods is insufficient to ensure the stability of plantations within the protected area. The most effective strategy has proven to be an integrated approach that combines regular monitoring, pest population forecasting, biological regulation techniques, and the limited application of chemical treatments while complying with ecological safety standards. The findings are of significant practical importance for improving the protection system of the dendrological park’s collections, conserving the plant gene pool, and maintaining biodiversity. They may serve as a scientific basis for the development of long-term phytosanitary monitoring and management programs for plantations in protected natural areas.
Strip-Till and Verti-Till Technologies in the context of soil tillage minimization
This study explores the relevance of implementing Strip-Till and Verti-Till technologies as integral components of modern soil conservation systems and sustainable agricultural production in the context of global challenges, including soil degradation, moisture deficits, climate change, and rising energy costs. The research methodology relied on a comprehensive synthesis of peer-reviewed publications, long-term field experiments, and statistical datasets. Findings indicate that Strip-Till successfully integrates the benefits of conventional and no-till systems by enabling precision strip tillage and localized fertilizer placement, thereby improving root system development, enhancing soil moisture retention, and reducing fuel consumption by up to 40–50 %. Verti-Till focuses on alleviating surface compaction, stimulating vertical root growth, improving water infiltration, and accelerating crop residue decomposition while maintaining soil cover. Comparative assessment demonstrates that both technologies significantly reduce erosion risks and CO₂ emissions, enhance soil biological activity, and stabilize crop yields under climate-induced stress conditions. Evidence from Ukrainian case studies confirms the feasibility of these approaches, particularly in moisture-limited regions, where Strip-Till improves corn and sunflower yields, whereas Verti-Till ensures high-quality seedbed preparation for winter crops. The results underscore the necessity of tailoring these technologies to specific farm conditions, integrating them with precision agriculture tools, and advancing technical innovations to maximize productivity gains and sustain soil fertility. The findings also provide a knowledge base for the development of region-specific recommendations on tillage minimization and fertilizer optimization strategies. Moreover, this research enriches the global discourse on conservation agriculture by offering actionable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking to reconcile high productivity with environmental stewardship. The practical significance of the study lies in demonstrating the potential of Strip-Till and Verti-Till to enhance agroecosystem resilience to climate change and contribute to long-term food security.
Agrobiological evaluation of sowing dates and techniques for grain corn
The article presents an agrobiological analysis of the influence of sowing dates and methods on the growth, development and productivity of corn (Zea mays L.) in the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is associated with increased climatic risks, changes in agrometeorological conditions and increasing requirements for the effective use of soil and climatic resources. The purpose of the study is to generalize modern scientific approaches to optimizing the timing of corn sowing, taking into account biological, climatic and technological factors. The review analyzed publications by Ukrainian and foreign scientists devoted to the influence of sowing on the morphometric parameters of corn, biomass formation and yield. It is shown that early sowing dates provide better initial conditions for plant development, a longer growing season and better realization of the genetic potential of yield. At the same time, the use of ridge sowing contributes to the preservation of moisture in the soil and improvement of the development of the root system, which is confirmed by research data. On the other hand, late sowing dates significantly reduce the biological productivity of plants and lead to crop losses of up to 25–30 %, which is proven by domestic and international studies. The regional features of corn adaptation to sowing dates in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe are highlighted, as well as the relationship between weather conditions and morphological characteristics of plants. The obtained generalization results can be used as a scientific basis for adaptive management of corn cultivation technology in conditions of climate change. It is noted that the results of the review deepen the understanding of the factors that determine the efficiency of sowing and serve as a guideline for the development of practical recommendations in modern agricultural production. Another promising direction is the use of remote monitoring and artificial intelligence for operational decision-making in field conditions. The obtained data can form the basis of adaptive technologies for corn cultivation in conditions of increased climatic instability.
Seed productivity of promising soybean samples according to economic indicators under stressful conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is a strategic crop with high grain yield potential and high protein and oil content. Its grain is in high demand both in Ukraine and worldwide. The main factors determining the yield of this crop are the characteristics of the variety, soil and climate conditions, and cultivation technology. In the context of climate change, with declining rainfall and intensifying droughts, the role of variety selection as an effective means of increasing yield is growing. The article presents the results of a study of the economic suitability of promising breeding lines and varieties of cultivated soybean, which were created and studied at Poltava State Agrarian University. The newly developed breeding material undergoes a comprehensive evaluation and is used to develop soybean varieties for various uses. The created varieties (Morion, Serdolik, and Citrin) are distinguished by the lack of pubescence on all plant parts. Such soybean varieties are not included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine. Our research aimed to determine the level of valuable economic indicators of the newly created varieties and breeding lines. Field studies were conducted (2022–2024) at the Gryga Farm (Poltava region). The soil was podzolized chernozem. The predecessor was winter wheat. The object of the research was new varieties and promising lines. The varieties had a growing season of 99–100 days. Over three years of competitive variety testing, the Serdolik variety had the highest weight of 1,000 seeds at 225 g, while the Morion and Citrin varieties weighed 179 and 160 g, respectively. The protein content in the seeds was significantly higher in the Serdolik and Citrin varieties – 44%. In the Morion variety, this indicator was 42 %, which is higher than its average value in the experiment. In terms of fat content, all three non-pubescent varieties were inferior to the Anthracite variety (24 %) and contained 21 %. It was established that the seed yield of the Morion, Serdolik, and Citrin varieties was quite high (3.6–3.8 t/ha). The yield of marketable seeds in all non-pubescent varieties was higher than in the Anthracite standard and ranged from 79 to 82 %. In 2024, the Morion, Serdolik, and Citrin varieties were submitted for state qualification examination to obtain plant breeders’ rights.
The peculiarities of agglutinins’ activity in male and female plants of Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba L.)
Lectins, or hemagglutinins, are protein compounds that are capable of selectively and reversibly binding carbohydrates without their chemical transformation, exhibiting the property of agglutinating cells and particles. Owing to their different functions, they have significant theoretical and applied importance in biology and medicine, which makes the search for new sources of these substances topical. Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba L.), the only modern representative of Ginkgopsida class, is known for its rich phytochemical composition, which determines the use of its raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of the study was to determine the pH profile of phytohemagglutinins’ activity in cone berries, buds, leaves and one-year shoots of female and male ginkgo trees. The objects were the samples collected from plantings in Poltava. The study was conducted using the standard method for assessing the degree of human hemagglutination. The accumulated experimental data showed that agglutinins were present in all the studied plant organs however their activity varied significantly depending on the tissue and sex of the trees. In cone berries, the maximum activity was recorded in the pedicle and collar, while in seeds proteins were concentrated mainly in the sclerotesta. The vegetative organs also showed sexual differentiation: in female trees, the lectins’ activity in the buds, shoots, and especially in the leaves was significantly higher than in male trees. At the same time, in the leaf blades of female trees, the level of hemagglutination in the pH range of 6.0–8.0 reached 12.3 points, while in male trees it did not exceed 6.5 points. The most pronounced differences were observed in the alkaline pH zone, where the activity reached the maximum values. The obtained results confirm the new fact for the science – the presence of agglutinins in Ginkgo biloba L. and their different localization depending on the organ and sex of the plant. The revealed conformities to the laws of nature may have practical significance as marker traits for identifying female and male plants in the pre-reproductive period of ontogenesis, which is promising for pharmacognostic and biotechnological research.
Modern innovation-intensive technologies in the development of Ukraine’s agricultural sector
The purpose of this review was to summarize modern approaches and systematize the experience of implementing innovation-intensive technologies in the development of Ukraine’s agricultural sector, as well as to identify the conditions, risks, and prospects for their effective application in the context of global challenges and military threats. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of innovation-intensive technologies in developing Ukraine’s agricultural sector under contemporary global challenges related to climate change, soil degradation, rising resource costs, and the consequences of military conflict. The historical evolution of intensive farming systems is examined – from traditional plowing to modern no-till and strip-till practices such as No-till, Strip-till, and Verti-till. The feasibility of transitioning agricultural production to an innovation-intensive model is substantiated, emphasizing the integration of digitalization, biotechnology, automation, and environmentally oriented approaches. Special attention is devoted to the implementation of precision farming (GPS navigation, remote sensing, drones, IoT sensors), digital management platforms (AgriChain, GeoPard), and data-driven systems for yield forecasting and resource optimization. It is demonstrated that innovation-intensive technologies can increase productivity by 15–30 % while reducing energy and resource consumption. Case studies highlight the adoption of innovations by leading Ukrainian agricultural holdings, as well as by farms and cooperatives that act as local innovation hubs. The conditions for successful implementation of the innovation-driven model are summarized: investment support, government programs, human resource development, infrastructure improvement, and international cooperation. Risks and constraints are also discussed, including wartime threats, shortage of qualified specialists, high equipment costs, technological barriers, and social conservatism. The prospects for the development of Ukraine’s agricultural sector are grounded in combining intensive technologies with the principles of ecological sustainability and digital transformation. The article concludes that the innovation-intensive production model is a strategic factor in maintaining competitiveness, enhancing food security, and integrating Ukraine into the global agricultural market.
Biological mechanisms of invasiveness of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and innovative control approaches
The purpose of the review was to summarize current scientific approaches to studying the biological mechanisms of invasiveness of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., to identify ecological and agroeconomic risks associated with its spread, and to analyze innovative strategies for controlling this dangerous weed. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is one of the most aggressive invasive species of the Asteraceae family, posing a significant threat to agroecosystems, natural biodiversity, and human health. Its spread under conditions of trade globalization and climate change has reached a large scale, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research on the bioecological characteristics of this species and the development of comprehensive control strategies. The high invasive potential of A. artemisiifolia is determined by a complex of adaptive traits: rapid initial growth, tolerance to various soil types and climatic conditions, a powerful root system, cross-pollination, and pronounced seed heteromorphism. These features ensure the formation of persistent soil “seed banks” that support long-term population recovery even after mechanical or agronomic interventions. In addition, the considerable genetic variability of the species promotes local adaptation to changing climatic and anthropogenic factors, complicating control efforts across regions. It was emphasized that the expansion of ragweed in Europe and Asia leads to reduced crop yields, displacement of native species, and ecosystem degradation. Losses in the agricultural sector are associated with both direct decreases in the productivity of maize, sunflower, soybean, and other crops, and with increasing costs of herbicide application. However, chemical control is complicated by the development of resistance to major groups of herbicides. This underlines the relevance of integrated weed management approaches, that combine agronomic practices (crop rotation, optimization of sowing density, cultivation of competitive crops), biological control (entomophages, phytopathogens, microbial preparations), chemical methods, and environmentally safe technologies. A promising direction is the use of modern geographic information systems, remote sensing methods, and mathematical modeling to monitor the spread of A. artemisiifolia and predict its invasion dynamics under climate change. Such an approach makes it possible to identify priority control areas and effectively allocate resources. Further research should focus on improving adaptive integrated management systems for ragweed populations, assessing the long-term consequences of its invasion for biodiversity and human health, and developing ecologically oriented models of sustainable land use.
Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) as a potentially dangerous quarantine pest of Ukraine’s dendroflora
The aim of this review is to consolidate current knowledge on the biology and distribution of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), assess its impact on ash species, and analyze the expansion of this quarantine phytophagous pest’s range in Ukraine. The spread of invasive insects is one of the most pressing challenges in modern forestry, as it leads to biodiversity loss, reduced stability, and decreased productivity of forest stands. The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) is considered particularly dangerous due to its rapid colonization of new territories and severe damage to ash plantations. To minimize risks and prevent large-scale outbreaks, a set of preventive measures has been developed, focusing on early detection and containment of the pest. A key element of this strategy is the identification of infested areas and the implementation of systematic population monitoring. For this purpose, colored (purple, green) and pheromone traps are used, installed at well-lit forest edges at a density of one trap per 5 hectares before the expected flight of adults. Infestation diagnosis is carried out by removing bark to detect larval galleries, which allows timely confirmation of colonization. Affected trees should be promptly removed through selective or clear sanitary fellings during the autumn–winter period, followed by wood disposal. Preventive measures also include temporary restriction of large-scale ash plantations and the establishment of optimally dense stands, which enhances ecosystem resilience. An important component of biological control is the preservation and attraction of entomophagous species, particularly insectivorous birds such as woodpeckers, which effectively prey on larvae and pupae during overwintering. In regions where A. planipennis has not yet been detected, monitoring surveys are conducted to identify new invasions and assess potential risks of expansion. The findings have practical significance for improving monitoring systems and preventive strategies against hazardous pests, preserving biodiversity, and ensuring the ecological stability of forest ecosystems.
The study is devoted to the search for alternatives to phosphine, to which some pests have developed resistance, as well as methyl bromide, the use of which has been restricted by the Montreal Protocol. The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of sulfuryl fluoride against the mobile stages of mites. The study aimed to investigate the toxic effect of sulfuryl fluoride at different temperatures on the mobile stages of mites of the genera Acarus and Tyrophagus under parameters acceptable for industrial fumigation. The research objects were the mobile stages of acarid mites. The research material was sulfuryl fluoride. The following methods were used: analytical review of the topic; analysis of the biological characteristics of acarid mites; experimental – variation of different fumigation parameters (temperature, concentration, exposure duration, c (concentration) × t (time) products (CT-products), mathematical and statistical analysis using computer modeling. The results of the studies showed the toxic effect of sulfuryl fluoride against the mobile stages of Acarus and Tyrophagus mites, depending on the fumigation parameters. Lethal dose (LD) values for the mobile stages of mites were established. At a temperature of 15–22 °C, the lethal norms for sulfuryl fluoride were CT-products 1398.80 g-hr., average concentration – 21.19 g/m3, fumigation duration 66 hours. At a temperature of 23–24 °C, lethal norms were at the level of CT-products 1206.00 g-hr., the average concentration was 28.71 g/m3, and the duration of fumigation was 42 hours. At a temperature of 25–26 °C, lethal norms of sulfuryl fluoride for mites were at the following fumigation parameters: CT-products 1107.55 g-hr., average concentration 30.77 g/m3, fumigation duration 36 hours. At a temperature of 27–28 °C, lethal norms were at the level of CT-products 1005.00 g-hr., average concentration – 33.50 g/m3, fumigation duration 30 hours. At a temperature of 32 °C and above, the lethal norms for sulfuryl fluoride were CT-products 906.55 g-hr., average concentration – 34.87 g/m3, fumigation duration 26 hours. Lethal norms for sulfuryl fluoride at different temperatures were established, which are optimal for ensuring 100 % mortality of mobile stages of acarid mites, as they slightly exceed the sublethal threshold. The dependence of the fumigant’s effectiveness on temperature was observed. As the temperature decreases, the toxic load must increase to ensure 100 % mortality mites, and vice versa. The results obtained indicate the need for further research, particularly to determine optimal intervals for repeated fumigations.
Seed heterogeneity, fractional composition and thousand seed weight of soybean depending on varietal composition
The article presents the results of a field study conducted under the agro-climatic conditions of the Uman district, Cherkasy region, aimed at assessing seed heterogeneity, fractional composition, and thousand-seed weight of soybean depending on varietal composition. The study included five soybean varieties: ES Mentor, Halleck, OAC Brook, OAC Strive, and OAC Lakeview. Fractional composition was determined by dividing seeds into large (>6.5 mm), medium (5.0–6.5 mm), and small (<5.0 mm) fractions using the sieving method. Thousand-seed weight was determined according to standard procedures, and protein content was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The results revealed pronounced varietal differences. ES Mentor and OAC Lakeview were characterized by a predominance of the large seed fraction (>6.5 mm) exceeding 55 %, which indicates their suitability for large-seeded soybean production. Halleck and OAC Strive demonstrated a more uniform distribution of seeds across fractions, making them versatile for various uses. OAC Brook had the lowest proportion of large seeds (>6.5 mm) and the highest proportion of small ones (<5.0 mm), up to 28 %, indicating its distinct morphometric differentiation. The thousand-seed weight ranged from 131.2 g in OAC Brook to 168.4 g in ES Mentor, reflecting a significant influence of genetic factors. Protein content varied from 36.5 % in ES Mentor to 40.8 % in OAC Brook, confirming an inverse relationship between seed weight and protein accumulation. Additionally, significant correlations were established between thousand-seed weight, protein content, and fractional composition, allowing prediction of seed quality traits based on varietal characteristics. Thus, it was determined that the qualitative and biochemical characteristics of soybean seeds are largely defined by varietal features, and the obtained results can be applied to optimize breeding programs and cultivation technologies.
Yield and quality of winter bread wheat depending on sowing dates and methods: a review of global and domestic experience
The purpose of this article is to systematize and provide a comparative analysis of modern domestic and foreign scientific studies on the influence of sowing dates and methods on the yield and quality of winter wheat, as well as to identify promising approaches to adapting cultivation technologies under varying agro-climatic conditions. The paper presents a comprehensive review of contemporary domestic and international studies on the influence of sowing dates and methods on the yield and grain quality of winter bread wheat. Literature analysis shows that sowing time is a critical factor that determines the duration of autumn vegetation, tillering capacity, accumulation of reserve substances, and, consequently, the plant’s adaptability to winter conditions. Early sowing generally ensures better root development, a stronger root system, a higher tillering coefficient, and contributes to the formation of heavier grains and improved protein quality. However, excessively early sowing under high-temperature conditions may lead to plant overgrowth, disrupted photoperiodism, and reduced winter hardiness. International studies pay particular attention to regional adaptation of sowing dates, the role of agroclimatic factors, the use of yield forecasting models (including neural networks, satellite monitoring, and NDVI analysis), and meta-analyses summarizing data from dozens of field trials. It has been established that a 10-day delay in sowing can reduce yield by 1.5–2.5 %, and in some cases by up to 48 %, depending on climatic conditions, water availability, and varietal traits. The optimal sowing window generally falls between the third decade of September and early October and should be adjusted based on weather patterns and crop rotation practices. Ukrainian studies emphasize regional specifics within Polissia, Forest-Steppe, and Steppe zones. The effectiveness of strip, narrow-row, and broadcast sowing methods has been noted, as they enhance photosynthetic activity, promote uniform crop density, reduce disease incidence, and optimize soil moisture regimes. Some experiments also highlight the role of the preceding crop and carbohydrate accumulation in tillering nodes as key yield-determining factors. The findings have practical significance for improving winter wheat cultivation technologies, adapting to climate change, increasing agroecosystem resilience, and ensuring consistently high grain quality within intensive agricultural production.
Impact of burning crop residues on mycorrhizal fungi in soil, urease activity, and mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) growth
This research focuses on the effect of burning crop residues on the total number of spores of mycorrhizal fungi, the activity of some soil enzymes, and the growth of the mung bean (Vigna radiata), in which 12 soil samples were collected before and after burning plant residues, one sample every 15 days, in addition to estimating the enzyme activity of urease (urea aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5). The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used. Data were analyzed statistically using the computer, and LSD values were used to compare the averages of the coefficients at the 0.05 probability level in all experiments. Results shown a significant decrease in the number of mycorrhiza spores, as the first burning period recorded a percentage of 22.7 %, while the second period recorded a non-significant decrease of 2.5 %. As for the urease enzyme, a significant increase in its activity was observed with an increase of 22.9 % after the first period of burning, followed by a decrease of 24,0 % during the second. To determine the impact of burning crop residues on the germination and growth of mung bean, its seeds were grown in plastic containers containing burned and unburned soil under recorded conditions of light, humidity and temperature for 15 days, the results shown a decrease in the germination rate of seeds planted in burned soil as well as the dry root weight and the seedling vigor, while both the seedling dry root weight of the seedling and height increased. In response to burning, the chlorophyll A, B, and total chlorophyll content in mung bean leaves grown in burned soil was lower than that in unburned soil. Thus, burning plant residues led to a reduction in the number of mycorrhizal fungi, affected urease enzyme activity (which did not recover even after three months), and had an adverse effect on soil enzymes, although burning stimulated certain aspects of mung bean growth as measured by dry mass and chlorophyll content.
Species composition, bioecological characteristics, and population dynamics of pests of perennial leguminous grasses
Perennial leguminous grasses are important forage crops in the agrocenoses of Ukraine, but their productivity is significantly reduced due to damage from various pests. The insect pest fauna of perennial leguminous grasses is dominated by beetles (31 %), followed by thrips (20 %), moths (20 %), hemipterans (11 %), and true bugs (8 %). This study aims to systematize information on the species composition of pests, their bioecological characteristics, and the dynamics of their populations. The research conducted from 2023 to 2025 showed that the main pests of perennial leguminous grasses in Ukraine are root weevils, alfalfa weevils, clover root bugs, pea aphids, and clover seed weevils. Additionally, the pest complex includes the yellow alfalfa seed weevil, alfalfa root weevil larvae, and thrips, which can pose a threat to crops under favorable weather conditions. Throughout 2023–2025, the population of root weevils remained stable with slight fluctuations that did not significantly affect the overall condition of the crops. The population of alfalfa weevils decreased in 2024 compared to 2023 and continued to decline in 2025. The number of clover root bugs remained stable, showing no significant variation. Aphid populations slightly decreased in 2024, indicating reduced pest harm, though their numbers are still relatively high, requiring constant monitoring. The population of alfalfa leafhoppers has steadily decreased. The zonal dynamics revealed that the main areas of pest distribution are the Steppe and Forest-Steppe regions, where warm conditions promote the development of pests such as root weevils, alfalfa weevils, clover root bugs, and alfalfa leafhoppers. In contrast, the Polissya region has less favorable conditions for pest development due to lower temperatures and a shorter growing season. Therefore, understanding the bioecological characteristics and population dynamics of pests is crucial for developing effective integrated pest management strategies for perennial leguminous grasses.
Agroecological characteristics of the polyphagous pest complex in wheat agrocenoses
The relevance of the research is determined by the increasing impact of polyphagous pests on wheat agrocenoses in Ukraine, driven by both climate change and the adoption of new agricultural practices. Changes in climatic conditions and landscape structures require the development of new approaches to pest population control to ensure the stability and high productivity of wheat. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the agroecological characteristics of the main representatives of the polyphagous pest complex of wheat agrocenoses and their influence on crop yield. The results of the research conducted from 2022 to 2024 indicate that among the polyphagous pests of wheat, the greatest damage is caused by groups such as rodents, leaf-eating and root-feeding moths, grasshoppers, and soil pests. In particular, voles and mice cause harm at the early stages of wheat development by damaging the root system and shoots, which reduces yield. Ground squirrels can cause losses both at the germination stage and during the ear formation. Among the leaf-feeding moths, the cotton bollworm and the gamma moth are the most harmful, actively damaging wheat leaves at all stages of development, which reduces photosynthetic activity and yield. The grass moth also causes damage, but to a lesser extent. Furthermore, locust pests, particularly the locust, have a high potential for mass migration and can inflict substantial damage to large areas. They are especially dangerous in warm and dry seasons. As for soil pests such as click beetles and darkling beetles, their impact on wheat lies in damaging the root system, which also limits plant growth and development. The study also revealed the role of agroecosystems in the distribution of polyphagous pests through the alternation of cultivated and natural biotopes. Overall, the results of the research confirm that effective management of these pest populations requires a comprehensive approach, combining monitoring, agronomic practices, and the use of biological and chemical control methods.
Effectiveness of two-phase growing of piggles after liquid feeding in the feeding period
The aim of this study was to study the productive performance of piglets during rearing under single-phase and two-phase systems with changing feeding types, as well as to assess the economic efficiency of such systems. It was established that in the first rearing phase, an inverse relationship was observed between the duration of the period and the magnitude of relative gains, whereas in the second phase, relative gains increased with longer duration. At the same time, the overall impact of these changes on the total relative gains for the entire rearing period was insignificant and ranged from 0.2–1.6 %. It has been shown that the average daily gains for the entire rearing period largely depended on animal relocation and did not differ significantly among the control groups. Due to the differences in piglet mass at the beginning of the first and second phases, under dry feeding, the average daily gains decreased with increasing duration, whereas under liquid feeding, they increased with shorter duration. It was found that in the group of animals with single-phase rearing, without transportation or changes in the feeding method, the highest average live weight per head at the end of rearing was obtained – 29,1 kg, the highest absolute gain of one head for the entire rearing period – 22,85 kg, the highest survival rate of piglets – 98,93 % and the highest average daily gain – 466 g. These indicators were higher compared to animals that were transported to another site during the growing-up period, with a change in feeding method from dry to liquid. At the same time, in this group of piglets the average daily feed consumption did not exceed that of the others, and the feed conversion and feed cost per 1 kg of gain were the lowest compared to the groups with two-phase growing-up. Despite nearly identical rearing costs per piglet, the cost after finishing was only 0,3–0,6 % higher. However, due to the higher live weight after finishing, the selling price of one head was 1.4–2,1 % higher compared to the groups of animals with two-phase rearing. This resulted in a 3,4–6,7 % greater profitability of these animals than animals raised under the two-phase system. In turn, this contributed to an improvement in the profitability of raising animals with this feeding method by 1,05–2,43 %. At the same time, animals of the third and fourth groups, where the share of time using liquid feeding was 29 and 43 % of the entire growing period, respectively, demonstrated increased efficiency in producing a unit of live weight gain. This is reflected in lower operating costs and higher profitability per 1 kg of live weight.
The role of goat farming in ensuring food security in the context of climate change
The purpose of the review was to analyze the current state and prospects of goat farming development in Ukraine, particularly in the Poltava region, taking into account the biological characteristics of goats, economic factors, and the social significance of the industry, as well as to identify promising research directions. The article explores the role of goat farming in ensuring food security amid climate change, with emphasis on the nutritional and therapeutic properties of goat milk and the socio-economic prospects of the sector in Ukraine. While dairy farming remains a leading branch of livestock production, rising temperatures and heat stress reduce cattle productivity. Goats, however, are more adaptable to diverse climates and can utilize forage unsuitable for cattle, making them a promising alternative under global warming. Goat milk is highly digestible, hypoallergenic, and rich in proteins, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. It contains a higher proportion of medium-chain fatty acids, bioavailable minerals, and human-like oligosaccharides that support gut health, mineral absorption, and immune function. These properties highlight its value for infants, allergy sufferers, and functional food production, while also underscoring its potential as a nutraceutical resource. In Ukraine, goat milk products remain underrepresented in the market, yet the sector offers strong economic and social benefits. Although production costs exceed those of cattle, higher market prices and relatively low competition make goat farming attractive for small and medium-sized enterprises. Moreover, it supports rural development and employment, requiring lower capital investment and providing faster returns compared to dairy cattle. Globally, goat milk represents around 2 % of total production, with India and Mediterranean countries as leading producers. In Ukraine, the goat population is modest and declining, though it includes high-yielding breeds such as Saanen, Alpine, Toggenburg, and Anglo-Nubian, often crossbred with local stock. Enhancing productivity through improved feeding, breeding, and climate adaptation is critical to offsetting herd reductions. The study concludes that goat farming can become a strategically important direction for Ukraine, combining biological advantages, economic viability, and social significance. Expanding processing capacity, diversifying dairy products, and raising consumer awareness of goat milk’s health benefits are key to strengthening demand. Given their resilience to heat stress, goats are expected to play an increasingly important role in sustainable agriculture, with regions like Poltava region offering considerable potential for sectoral growth.
Influence of previous lactation duration on the reproductive performance of Large White and Landrace sows under purebred breeding
The study presents the results on the effect of the duration of previous lactation on the reproductive performance of sows of major maternal breeds. It has been established that Large White sows have advantages over Landrace breed counterparts in litter size, birth weight of the litter, and number of weaned piglets. At the same time, Landrace animals had advantages in terms of the weight of individual piglets and the weight of the litter at weaning. The duration of previous lactation significantly influences the reproductive capacity of sows of both breeds. In the first and third groups where the duration of previous lactation lasted 23.3–24.74 % longer than in the second and fourth groups, the number of piglets born in animals with standard lactation increased by 3.1 % in Landrace and by 5.3 % in large white breeds. A similar trend was observed in terms of litter size – with 5.0–5.7 % more piglets in both breeds under standard lactation. The birth weight of piglets in sows with standard lactation was significantly higher by 5.2 % in Large White and by 10.2 % in Landrace animals. In terms of the number of piglets at weaning, sows with standard previous lactation exceeded their counterparts with a reduced one by 3.1–3.6 %. The mass of the piglets at weaning also increased by 3.3 % in Large White and by 5.2 % in Landraces, with a relatively reduced standard previous lactation. The average daily gains of piglets were higher in Landraces – by 5.9 % and 3.5 % compared to Large Whites, depending on lactation duration. Most traits showed greater variability in Landrace animals. Thus, an increase in the duration of the previous lactation had a positive effect on the main reproductive indicators regardless of the breed. It was found that in Landrace sows, the correlations between reproductive and productive traits were stronger and more numerous than in the Large White breed. This indicates higher genetic variability and breeding potential of Landraces. In Large White sows, higher stability of litter retention was observed, which is an economically valuable trait. It was found that the duration of the previous lactation had a more pronounced effect on the reproductive performance of sows compared to breed.
Optimization of the summer microclimate in pig housing using an evaporative cooling system and its effect on the physiological condition and productivity of pigs and piglets
use of an evaporative cooling system during the hot season in central Ukraine and its effect on the physiological state, well-being, adaptive properties, reproductive performance of Danish sows, and the growth of their piglets. F1 sows of the Bridgers maternal line, inseminated with the semen of Danish Duroc boars, were used for the study. During farrowing and lactation, sows were housed in rooms with negative pressure ventilation provided by two exhaust fans and supply valves at the end of the section. In the control room, only negative ventilation was used without additional cooling, while in the experimental group, high-pressure nozzles were used to reduce the air temperature, spraying water mist over the supply valves. It was found that the use of an evaporative cooling system reduced the air temperature in the room by 3.1–4.5 °C (or 7–16 %) compared to a similar room without irrigation. At the same time, it led to an increase in relative humidity by 10.9–16.0 % and in air velocity by 0.02–0.05 m/s (or 13–19 %), which indicates a significant improvement in microclimate parameters in summer for keeping sows and piglets. The use of an evaporative cooling system in the pigsty significantly improved the physiological condition of sows. This was manifested in a decrease in the heat-humidity index, a decrease in skin temperature, and a significant decrease in respiratory rate, which contributed to a 15–16 % increase in feed intake and an 11.8 % reduc-tion in live weight loss, and contributed to a 6–8 % increase in sow milk production, which indicates more favorable conditions for maintaining the body's energy balance and is a prerequisite for preserving the reproductive perfor-mance and high productivity of animals in subsequent cycles. It was found that the use of an evaporative cooling system reduced the proportion of stillborn piglets by 1.13 %, increased the average weight of a single piglet at weaning by 7.9 %, and increased the total weight of the litter by 9.3 %. contributed to an 8.0 % increase in the growth rate of suckling piglets, a 9.2 % improvement in absolute and 6.76 % relative gains, as well as a 10.9 % increase in absolute and 12.1 % increase in average daily gains of piglets in the litter, a 2.3–3.1 % increase in the complex indices of reproductive quality of sows. At the same time, feed conversion remained virtually unchanged, and the need for pre-starter feed for young animals decreased by 12–14 %. The results confirm the feasibility of using evaporative cooling systems in piggeries to increase productivity and improve animal welfare.
The quality of milk and cheese from goats of Ukrainian and Lithuanian breeding
The results of comparative studies of milk and soft cheese qualitative parameters made from milk raw products of Ukrainian and Lithuanian selection goats were elucidated. The impact of breeds’ genetic peculiarities and rearing conditions on physical and chemical composition as well as organoleptic characteristics of milk and cheese was found. Two groups 5 animals in each of English-Nubian and Alpine breeds aged 2.5–3 years were used in the experiment. Milk indicators were studied (fat, protein, dry defatted residue, and density) as well as physical and chemical parameters of cheeses made according to the typical technological maps. The organoleptic analysis was conducted according to ISO 8586:2012 with attracting tasters. It was found that milk qualitative characteristics considerably differed depending on the area of animals’ rearing. A reliably higher fat content (5.50 % in English-Nubian and 4,74 % in Alpine breeds against 5.0 and 3.80 % in corresponding Ukrainian groups) was registered in goats of Lithuanian origin, which exceeded the control by 8.9–24.7 % (p<0.01). Protein content in the milk of Lithuanian goats also had the tendency to higher values (6.1–11.8 %). However, the goats of Ukrainian breeding demonstrated higher productivity as to the average daily milk yield (up to 2,3 kg), as well as the stable indicators of density and dry defatted residue, which shows their better adaptability to rearing conditions. According to the study results of cheeses, it was revealed that the samples of Lithuanian origin were characterized by higher nutritive value: protein content was higher by 12.6 % (p<0.001), higher fat content in dry matter – by 9.4 % (p<0.05), and caloric value reached 462 kcal/100 g against 436 kcal in the samples of Ukrainian production. The organoleptic assessment revealed considerable differences of sensory profile: the Ukrainian cheeses had more expressed sour and bitter taste (25.7 and 25.6 %, respectively), as well as softer consistency; the Lithuanian cheeses were distinguished by taste balancing and denser structure. The studies have shown that the milk and cheese from goats of different origin are characterized by specific advantages: the Ukrainian breeds are distinguished by higher milk yields and more stable composition, whereas the Lithuanian breeds provide products having higher nutritive value. The results confirm an important role of breeding and environmental factors in the formation of goats’ dairy products quality.
Veterinary and sanitary assessment of the quality and safety of food raw materials and products in the Zhytomyr region, 2024
The aim of this study was to provide a veterinary and sanitary assessment of the quality and safety of food raw materials and products in the Zhytomyr region in 2024. According to the analysis of reporting documentation, in 2024, specialists from the state veterinary and sanitary examination laboratories (SVSEL) of the Zhytomyr Regional State Laboratory of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection (ZRSL SSUFSCP) examined and conducted 410,976 laboratory tests of food raw materials and food products. A total of 45.365 tons of products were not approved for sale, and 6,031 unsatisfactory test results were obtained, including 20 carcasses, 1,592 cases of invasive and non-contagious diseases, of which 1,011 were echinococcosis. Due to invasive and non-contagious diseases, 3.234 tons of products were disposed of. The results of studies on the presence of toxic elements, pesticides, antibiotics, radionuclides revealed only an excess of permissible levels for the content of 137Cs in the Korosten district: in 10 samples of fresh mushrooms and berries (113.6 Bq/kg; 638 Bq/kg; 590.4 Bq/kg; 584 Bq/kg; 934 Bq/kg; 1100 Bq/kg; 573 Bq/kg; 950 Bq/kg; 900 Bq/kg; 1550 Bq/kg; compared with the DR-2006 norm of 500 Bq/kg); in 2 samples of medicinal plants and 1 sample of vegetables (43.5 Bq/kg). Specialists in the veterinary examination department of the Zhytomyr Regional State Laboratory for Food Safety and Consumer Protection are conducting extensive work on controlling antibiotic residues in food raw materials and products. In particular: in 2024, 1,004 samples were examined and 1,588 laboratory tests were conducted. 460 samples were examined by the microbiological method and 1,044 laboratory tests were conducted; no positive results were found. 182 tests were conducted by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method: 138 tests for chloramphenicol content; 44 tests for melamine content. 362 samples of raw milk were tested with the Rapid-Test 4 in 1 screening test systems (antibiotics of the β-lactam, tetracycline, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol groups). In order to control the epizootic situation, specialists of the Zhytomyr Regional State Laboratory of the State Service for Food Safety and Consumer Protection have developed and are implementing long-term measures for the prevention of especially dangerous animal diseases. According to the scope of accreditation for veterinary and sanitary well-being and food safety, specialists implement state policy, including in the critical infrastructure sector in the Zhytomyr region.
The peculiarities of dairy cows’ treatment for subclinical endometritis
Subclinical endometritis in dairy cows is one of the reasons of their infertility. Without having obvious clinical signs, this disease decreases cows’ fertility, which is manifested by lowering the level of impregnation capacity, increasing insemination index, growing the number of concealed abortions, and, thus, the increase in the amount of infertility days. As a result of the above mentioned, farms suffer considerable economic losses connected with getting not enough calf crop, milk, and also keeping and the treatment of infertile cows. The purpose of our studies was to find the effectiveness of various treatment schemes of cows suffering from subclinical endometritis. The work was conducted on different farms of Kharkiv and Poltava regions. The research was made on infertile cows of Ukrainian local dairy breed and black Holstein aged 4–9 years on the 80–120th day of lactation. Subclinical endometritis was diagnosed by cows’ gynecological examination and ultra-sonography of their reproductive system. The treatment of animals (n=103) was conducted using anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory preparations, the preparations of prostaglandin F2α and uterotonics (the schemes varied depending on farms). The efficacy of treatment was determined by ultra-sound diagnostics of cows’ genitals on the 5th day after the treatment and ultra-sound diagnostics of pregnancy on the 30–35th day after insemination. It was found that in case of subclinical endometritis, the increase in the average diameter of the horns of uterus to1.5±0.06 cm took place with the presence unechogenous content in the uterus and endometrium thickening to 0.32±0.02 cm. The ovaries of all the cows were active having follicles and yellow bodies of different maturity degrees. The concurrent inflammatory processes in the genitals were not revealed. The use of treatment scheme including ichglucovit, estrofan, oxytocin, ceftiofur and prozerin, ensured the recovery of 89 % of the cows suffering from subclinical endometritis. In case of the therapy consisting of ceftiocline, kefen and uterotone, 76 % of cows recovered. The level of cows’ infertility on these farms was 130±10 and 132±9, respectively (p<0.05). The complex treatment of cows using galapan, climexin and the tincture of hellebore by intrauterine application as well as the scheme including vetapirin, vetaglan and metrin were less effective; in this case, about half of the cows recovered with infertility days of 155±10 and 145±11, respectively (p<0.05). After the treatment, the cows were inseminated rectally-cervically with frozen-defrosted semen in payettes with the interval of 12 hours by the fact of natural estrus. In this case, 82.5 % of cows (n=85) were impregnated, of which 72.9 % had insemination index of 1.5±0.5, and 23.5 % of animals – 3.5±0.5. 17.4 % of animals (p<0.05) remained infertile.
Carbohydrate-lipid metabolism in piglets exposed to iron and germanium nano-compounds
A complex assessment was carried out to evaluate the effects of iron and germanium nano-compounds on energy metabolism in sows and the post-natal adaptation of their piglets. The objective was to determine how administering daily doses of iron (3 mg) and germanium (0.01 mg) nano-compounds to sows starting 10 days before farrowing influences carbohydrate and lipid metabolism indicators in the blood of their offspring. For this purpose, 24 sows of Large White breed were equally divided into the experimental and control groups (n=12). Piglet blood from the two groups was sampled on the 2, 7, and 21 day of life to determine the concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). The statistical processing was conducted using one-factor and two-factor ANOVA (P≤0,05). It was found that in 2-day-old piglets from the experimental group, the level of lactate increased by 24.1 % (P<0.001), the lactate/pyruvate ratio decreased by 26.0 % (P<0.001), and at the same time glucose and NEFA concentrations fell by 5.3-6.5 % (P=0.05–0.01), while triacylglycerol (TAG) and total cholesterol rose by 9.3-9.8 % (P<0.01). Seven-day-old piglets displayed a 16.9 % reduction in lactate/pyruvate ratio (P<0.001) accompanied by the increased pyruvate content, and 21-day-old piglets showed moderate increases in both lactate and pyruvate with a significant decrease in their ratio (P<0.05). Lipid metabolism in 7-day-old piglets was marked by 16.7-22.3 % increases in TAG and cholesterol levels in blood plasma (P<0.001), whereas NEFA content tended to decline. Two-factor ANOVA confirmed statistically significant nano-compound effects on lactate content (F=13.6; P<0.01, TAG (F=28.8; P<0.001), cholesterol (F=8.5; P<0.01) ), and lactate/pyruvate ratio in blood plasma (F=24.2; P<0.001). The results indicate an activation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in sows under the influence of iron and germanium nano-compounds, as well as improved metabolic readiness of piglets for post-natal adaptation. This opens up prospects for the use of these nano-complexes to enhance the productivity and resilience of pig stock.
Testing the acaricidal activity of modern chemical agents against Dermanyssus gallinae mites in laboratory conditions
Various living systems are open and the course of their physiological and biochemical processes depends on many environmental factors that can become stressors for them. It is known that stress develops under the influence of extraordinary strength irritants. A special category of stress factors are biological ones, where parasitic agents are one of the key problems in poultry farming. A particular threat to the poultry industry is the Dermanyssus gallinae mite, which causes toxic and anemic syndromes in chickens, exhaustion, itching, loss of feathering, reduced productivity, and sometimes death, especially in young poultry. The measures to combat and prevent dermanyssiosis are carried out mainly using acaricidal agents, the effectiveness of which is not always sufficient to improve poultry farming and maintain veterinary well-being. The objective of the research was to establish the acaricidal activity of domestically produced agents against D. gallinae imago mites in laboratory conditions. The mites were obtained from mini-traps placed in poultry houses that were not favorable for dermanyssiosis. Such chemical agents were tested – “Ectosan emulsion” (active ingredients – piperonyl butoxide, alphacypermethrine) and “Ectosan powder” (active ingredient – alphacypermethrine). The results of their acaricidal action were recorded after 30 min, 1, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The conducted studies showed that “Ectosan emulsion” acaricidal preparation was more effective against dermanyssus mites compared to “Ectosan powder” preparation. When testing “Ectosan emulsion”, the death of mites began after 1 hour and only at its dilution of 1 : 500 and 1: 550, where the mortality made 10 and 4.3 %, respectively. 3 hours after treating mites with “Ectosan emulsion” at dilutions of 1: 500, 1: 550 and 1: 650, the mortality of mites made 44.3 %, 27.7 % and 16.7 %, respectively. After 24, 48 and 72 hours, the death of mites reached 100.0 %. When testing “Ectosan powder “, the death of mites began only after 72 hours and turned out to be very low – 9.0 %. The obtained results of the conducted experiments allow us to recommend “Ectosan emulsion” preparation for further testing in production conditions in order to identify its acaricidal efficacy for chicken dermanyssiosis.
Raising the quality and effectiveness of lifetime quantitative helminthic and larvoscopy examination of small ruminants for the presence of lung nematodoses
Lung strongylidoses of small ruminants are parasitic diseases caused by the pathogens of numerous nematodes’ genera. The representatives of Protostrongylidae (Protostrongylus kochi та Protostrongylus hobmaieri), Dictiocaulidae (Dictyocaulus filaria and Dictyocaulus viviparus) and Metastrongylidae (Muellerius capillaris and Cystocaulus nigrescens) families became the most wide spread on the territory of Ukraine. The pathogens of these nematodes can parasitize in the lungs, trachea, and bronchi as well as in the tiniest bronchi bifurcations and also in the alveoli and alveolar ducts. As a result of parasitizing in animals’ respiratory organs, the pathogens cause the characteristic clinical picture, lead to productivity decrease, and sometimes to high invasion intensity, even to death. Taking into account the parasites’ location, diagnostics of these diseases has certain difficulties therefore the development of effective methods to reveal the causal agents of lung strongylidoses in small ruminants is a topical direction of the work. The purpose of the paper consisted of increasing the diagnostic effectiveness of the authors’ developments directed at conducting helminthic and larvoscopy examinations in small ruminants with the aim of revealing lung strongylidoses by the developments’ improvement and standardization of the conducted successive actions and orders of performance. In the process of improvement, the following things were proposed: the unit for individual feces sampling in small ruminants describing the unit’s technical characteristics and the method of conducting the sampling; the device for abstracting over-settling liquid and re-suspending the settling with helminthes ’larvae describing the device’s technical characteristics and the sequence of actions while its use; the counting chamber for helminthic and larvoscopy examinations with the description of its technical characteristics and the instruction for the use; step-by-step instruction as to conducting quantitative helminthic and larvoscopy examination of animals to reveal lung nematodoses. The material presented in the article has an important theoretical and practical significance not only for scholars, but also for practicing veterinary doctors. The use of the presented step-by-step instruction and the proposed equipment enables to increase the diagnostic effectiveness of the applied equipment and decrease time spent for conducting one diagnostic examination.
Study of the toxicity of the drug “Devivit Carnitine” during prolonged intragastric administration
The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of Devivit Carnitine in laboratory animals under conditions of prolonged intragastric administration. The animals received the preparation for 28 days in different doses, after which their clinical condition, morphological and biochemical blood parameters, and organ mass coefficients were evaluated. Throughout the experiment, no cases of death or signs of intoxication were observed in the rats. The animals remained active, maintained good appetite, which indicates the absence of any adverse effects of the preparation on behavioral reactions or general physiological state. Analysis of the organ mass coefficients showed that 28-day administration of Devivit Carnitine did not cause pathological changes in the mass of vital organs. A slight decrease in liver weight accompanied by an increase in the mass of kidneys, heart, and spleen can be regarded as an adaptive-compensatory response of the organism to the intake of biologically active components of the preparation that stimulate metabolic processes. Hematological parameters remained within physiological limits. A minor decrease in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and platelet number was combined with an increase in leukocyte and granulocyte counts, indicating a mild stimulatory effect of the preparation on the cellular component of the immune system. The ratio of blood corpuscles remained within reference ranges, confirming the absence of hematotoxic effects. Biochemical analysis of blood revealed an increase in total protein, albumin, urea, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations, suggesting activation of protein and lipid metabolism under the influence of the preparation. At the same time, a decrease in the activity of transaminases (ALT, AST) and alkaline phosphatase, as well as a reduction in bilirubin concentration, were noted, indicating the absence of cytolytic processes in the liver and confirming the hepatoprotective properties of Devivit Carnitine. The maintenance of creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, and chloride levels within normal limits indicates normal kidney function and stability of the water – electrolyte balance. In general, the obtained results demonstrate that 28-day administration of Devivit Carnitine at different doses does not cause pathological changes in the functional state of laboratory animals. The detected alterations are of a physiologically adaptive nature and remain within normal ranges. The preparation exerts a mild stimulatory effect on protein and lipid metabolism and contributes to the optimization of hematological parameters.
Identification of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from quails and selection of promising strains based on the main typical properties
The article is devoted to solving the problem of increasing the production volumes of high-quality and safe products in the poultry farming sectors of Ukraine by developing and applying cheap, effective, natural biological preparations as an alternative to antibiotics to maintain stable epizootic situation in poultry farming and reduce epidemic risks to humans within the framework of the “Single Health” and Global Health Protection strategies. In this area of work, non-pathogenic, spore-forming bacteria of Bacillus genus are of interest because they are resistant to environmental conditions and capable of producing large amounts of secretory proteins, enzymes, anti-microbial compounds, vitamins and carotenoids. Therefore, the article presents the results of microbiological studies of 167 samples of ligated quails’ intestines to isolate and identify Bacillus spp. and to identify bacteria of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens species based on typical morphological, cultural, and biochemical peculiarities. These strains were further studied, and the prospects of their using to make symbiotic preparation were determined. From the inoculum, 123 (73.7 %) isolates of Bacillus spp. were isolated with the morphology characteristic of bacilli and cultural growth on MPA and MPB. Among the isolated bacilli, 7 (5.7 %) cultures of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacteria were identified, which was confirmed by the characteristic typical indicators of metabolic activity: the absence of bacterial growth at 50 °C under anaerobic conditions, in the presence of high concentrations of sodium chloride, in the absence of nitrate reduction and citrate utilization, in the absence of indole and hydrogen sulfide production, and in the absence of carbohydrates fermentation including lactose, arabinose, raffinose, cellobiose, galactose, and salicin. At the same time, the experimental isolates split starch, hydrolyzed esculin and casein, utilized succinate, formed oxidase, produced catalase, and fermented carbohydrates such as glucose, mannitol, xylose, and fructose. The research results of experimental bacilli isolates confirmed the presence of all the main typical properties characteristic of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens species. Based on the obtained data, the experimental cultures of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were transferred to the strain category and subjected to deep freezing in cryo-tubes for further testing to study their antagonistic properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and other requirements for promising synbiotic strains.
Comparative effectiveness of treatment methods for dogs suffering from pyoderma
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of different treatment regimens for pyoderma in dogs, namely, to analyze mono- and combined therapy. The study involved 36 dogs of various breeds, aged from one to ten years, with the confirmed diagnosis of pyoderma. During the experiment, the animals were divided into three groups: the first group received local treatment with “Sanoderm” preparation, the second group received local therapy with 4 % chlorhexidine shampoo, and the third group received combined treatment, which combined “Sanoderm” preparation and 4 % chlorhexidine shampoo. The clinical monitoring included the analysis of visible pathological changes on the skin, the assessment of itching intensity using the visual analogue scale (VAS), tracking of healing time and recurrence rates for 60 days after completion of therapy. It was found that the most effective therapy in terms of clinical recovery (91.7 %), treatment duration (16.8±1.7 days), and recurrence rate (8.3 %) was observed in the group that received combined therapy. The combined therapy significantly exceeded the results of monotherapy. In the group where “Sanoderm” preparation was used, the clinical recovery level made 69.2 %, the average treatment duration was 22.6±1.8 days, and the recurrence rate was 30.8%. In the group of animals treated locally with 4 % chlorhexidine shampoo, the clinical recovery rate made 54.5 %, the average treatment duration was 25.1±2.2 days, and the recurrence rate was 27.3 %. We assessed the itching of animals on the first day of treatment: the results of the first group of animals (VAS<8.6), the second group (VAS<8), and the third group (VAS<8.3) indicate the presence of itching and discomfort in animals. On the fourteenth day of treatment, the assessment of the first group (VAS<2.9), the second (VAS<4.2), and the third (VAS<1.6) showed that positive dynamics was observed in the group of animals using the combined treatment. For a more comprehensive assessment of the results, we used the following evaluation criteria: quantitative assessment of skin lesions, determining the clinical healing duration, and recording the frequency of relapses, which allowed us to increase the reliability of the therapeutic dynamics assessment. The best treatment results were in the third group, i.e.,after the use of complex therapy. The results of the study can be used in clinical practice to improve treatment protocols and can be used for a more optimal selection of therapy for this pathology.
General organizational provisions concerning the set and conduct of forensic veterinary expert examinations in case of animal injuries inflicted with sharp-pointed instruments
This paper is structured as follows: grounds and stages for setting forensic veterinary expert examination; the stages of forensic veterinary expert examination (SFVEE) for animal injuries inflicted with sharp-pointed instruments; the subject of the forensic veterinary examination for animal injuries inflicted with sharp-pointed instruments; expert tasks of the forensic veterinary expert examination (hereinafter referred to as FVEE) for animal injuries inflicted with sharp-pointed instruments; the integration of specific veterinary knowledge in the complex forensic expertise on animal injuries inflicted with sharp-pointed instruments; the objects and subjects of FVEE for animals; implementing FVEE principles; the peculiarities in reporting the results of forensic expert examination for animal injuries inflicted with sharp-pointed instruments. It is pointed out that, during the FVEE of an injured live animal injured with sharp-pointed objects or a corpse, it is appropriate to identify four interconnected stages: the preliminary stage, the separate stage, the comparative stage, and the synthesizing stage. It is shown that these stages are distinguished by different expert tasks, algorithms, methods, techniques, and equipment. It is demonstrated that the exact defining the FVEE subject and expert tasks for injuries inflicted with sharp-pointed instruments enabled to develop and formulate typical questions that are at the same time expert tasks, as well as to outline the range of factual data that can be established during the forensic expert examination. Depending on the research questions and the study’s purpose, the range of FVEE tasks is divided into three groups: identification, diagnostic, and situational. It is reasoned that the complex forensic veterinary and trace expert examination resolves the issues involving the determination of the type or class of the traumatic instrument. The complex forensic veterinary expert examination, as well as the examination of materials, substances, and products, resolves the issues concerning the detection of metallic traces in wounds and the identification of foreign objects, such as glass or metal. The complex expert examination in forensic veterinary and biological analysis deals with the issues related to identifying plant objects removed from wound channels. It is proven that the objects of the FVEE in case of animal injuries inflicted with sharp-pointed instruments are material and materialized. The subjects are forensic veterinary experts specializing in veterinary investigations (specialty 18.1). Forensic expert activity in this area of expert support for justice is con-ducted on the basis of the general legal and special principles.It is demonstrated that forensic expert examination results in case of animal injuries inflicted with sharp-pointed instruments are recorded by experts.
The spread of canine babesiosis and risk factors in the city of Poltava, Ukraine
Babesia spp. are intracellular parasitic organisms that primarily infect the erythrocytes of most mammals, causing the disease known as babesiosis, and are transmitted by ticks. Canine babesiosis is a potentially fatal and major disease of dogs in Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to determine the spread of canine babesiosis based on the data of “Aibolyt” veterinary clinic in the city of Poltava and to identify risk factors associated with it. A total of 440 dogs were randomly selected from the clinic between June 2024 and May 2025. The information on sex, age, breed, and season of the year of sampling was recorded. The dogs were divided into the following age groups: group 1 – dogs under 12 months, group 2 (12–36 months), and group 3 (over 36 months). Breeds were classified as: purebred and mongrels. Blood smears were prepared, dyed with Leucodyph 200, and examined under a light microscope for the presence of Babesia spp. The study results showed a total of 30.2% babesiosis spreading. The share of positive cases among males was 35.5 % (77 out of 217), and among females – 25.1 % (56 out of 223). According to the analysis results, the males had by1.64 higher chances of a positive result, in comparison with the females (Odds Ratio = 1.64; 95 % CI: 1.09–2.47; P<0.05). The chi-square test also showed a statistically significant difference between the groups (χ² = 5.6; P<0.05). The analysis using the Pearson xi-square criterion did not reveal a statistically significant difference between purebred dogs and mongrels in the frequency of positive results. The dogs aged 12–36 months (29.8 %) and older than 36 months (34.5 %) were most often affected. The risk of babesiosis infection increases with the age of dogs, and is particularly significant in the group older than 36 months (OR = 1.88; 95 % CI: 1.1–3.23; P<0.01).The highest level of the infection prevalence (EI) was recorded in spring – 39.3 %, as well as in autumn – 35.1 %, which significantly exceeded the corresponding indicators in the summer period (18.4 %). Therefore, the priority should be given to these factors when introducing the infection control measures.
Modern methods of visualization in the study and diagnostics of animal mammary glands diseases
The purpose of the article is to analyze modern visualization methods used to diagnose mammary glands diseases in animals of various species, as well as to assess the methods’ advantages, limitations and prospects for use. Mam-mary glands diseases in animals are one of the most pressing problems of veterinary medicine and livestock farming. Mastitis remains the most wide spread pathology, which is mainly registered in cows, goats and sheep, negatively affecting the productivity, animal welfare and economic indicators of the dairy industry. Another significant group of pathologies are breast neoplasms, which are especially well studied in dogs and cats. Timely detection of mastitis and tumors is crucial for the effective treatment and prevention of complications. Electronic literature search has been conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar databases over the recent 20 years following the principles of objectivity and system analysis. The possibilities of ultrasound diagnostics, radiography, computer and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as the latest technologies, in particular elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were considered in the article. It was found that among farm animals, the most common is ultrasound examination of the mammary glands, which is characterized by mobility, rapid obtaining of results in real time and the absence of the need for anesthesia. This method is effectively used to detect subclinical mastitis, monitor the course of the disease, and determine the optimal time to start therapy. The final diagnosis is confirmed by microbiological examination of milk. Other visualization techniques, such as radiography, computered and magnetic resonance imaging are used less frequently, mainly to assess normal anatomy or in studies aimed at comparing it with diagnostic methods in humans. In small animals, mammary glands neoplasms are diagnosed using ultrasound, radiography and computered imaging, followed by histo-pathological verification. Doppler imaging, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, and elastography are used to differentiate non-malignant and malignant tumors. Of particular importance is the visualization of lymph nodes and detection of metastases using elastographic methods. Magnetic resonance and positron emission imaging are considered promising areas, however their widespread introduction into the clinical practice is limited by a high cost of equipment.
Changes in blood serum biochemical indicators in toxocares infested cats with different indicators of invasion intensity
Toxocariasis in cats is a zoonotic nematode invasion and is dangerous to both cats and humans. During the life cycle, toxocares in the animal's body migrate to various organs and tissues, where they cause pathological changes, such as inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, stomach, bile ducts of the liver, bronchi. As a result of parasitism, toxocares secrete toxins that, when they enter the blood, cause general intoxication of the animal's body, which is accompanied by changes in hematological and biochemical parameters of blood serum. The aim of the research was to establish the peculirities of changes in biochemical parameters of blood serum of cats infected with Toxocara cati, taking into account the intensity of the invasion. Three groups of animals were formed, one of which was a control one (clinically healthy cats) and two experimental groups (infected with toxocares at different intensities of infestation – 586.9 and 126.3 eggs per gram of feces). The content of total protein, albumins, globulins, total bilirubin, creatinine, glucose, calcium and phosphorus was determined in the blood of cats. It was found that with higher intensity indicators of toxocariasis invasion, the changes in biochemical blood parameters of the diseased cats were more significant compared to the changes registered in cats with lower intensity of toxocariasis invasion. For example, with the invasion intensity of 126.3 eggs/g, a slight decrease (P<0.05) in the blood serum of the diseased cats was found in the content of albumins by 9.07 % and glucose by 12.5 %. The content of total protein, globulins, total bilirubin, creatinine, calcium and phosphorus in the diseased cats was within physiological limits. At an intensity of toxocariasis invasion of 586.9 eggs/g, the even larger decrease (P<0.01) in the content of albumins by 18.94 % and glucose by 19.64 % was detected in the blood serum of the infected cats, as well as the decrease (P<0.05) in the content of calcium by 8.33 % and phosphorus by 18.75 %. At the same time, the content of globulins increases (P<0.05) by 10.48 %, and also total bilirubin by 39.58 % and creatinine by 16.48 %. The obtained research results allow us to understand some aspects of the invasion pathogenesis at different indicators of cats’ infestation and effectively conduct therapeutic measures.
Analytical evaluation of anesthesia regimens for dental diseases in dogs
The aim of the conducted review was to comparatively evaluate the available clinical regimens for general and local anesthesia of dogs during dental procedures. Recent years have been marked by intensive research in the field of veterinary dentistry. Improving the existing and developing new methods for studying animals with diseases of the oral cavity and their treatment requires adequate analgesia. General anesthesia during diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations is one of the risk factors for animal death. Therefore, the currently proposed anesthetic regimens need to be improved. In clinical dental practice, a multi-modal approach to anesthesia is widespread, which involves the use of a combination of methods and preparations with different mechanisms of action to achieve the optimal analgesia while minimizing side effects. Planning anesthetic provision has to take into account that most diseases of the oral cavity are accompanied by pain. The optimal option for anesthesia, according to most researchers, is the combination of narcosis with conduction blocks. Among the systemic pharmacological agents, opioid analgesics are most often used: methadone, butorphanol, tramadol. A promising direction of anesthesia during dental manipulations in dogs is the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory preparations (in particular, meloxicam) – in pre-medication regimens and maintaining of the appropriate level of anesthesia. A pronounced clinical effect was confirmed with conduction anesthesia with bupivacaine, lidocaine and their combination, which allows to extend the duration of their action. Conducting local anesthesia against the background of narcosis in most cases ensures adequate analgesia, but in some cases the blockade technique needs to be improved. Despite the low mortality rate of dogs (within 3 %), considerable attention of researchers is focused on determining the risk factors for animal death when using various anesthetic regimens. With a proven correlation of mortality risk with age, breed, type and duration of anesthesia, and the urgency of the manipulation, their mechanisms remain insufficiently studied. The prospect of further research is the clinical testing of modern local anesthetics and the study of the potential for their use in combination with the means of general anesthesia.
The effect of intramuscular administration of “Tryvit” preparation on protein content in the blood serum of mares in case of nutrients’ deficit in the ration
The research results were presented in the paper concerning the issues of indicators’ dynamics of vitamin A, total protein content in the blood serum and its fractional composition in mares at the last trimester of pregnancy and the first months of lactation under the effect of intramuscular administration of “Tryvit” preparation. For this purpose, the analysis was conducted as to ration of feeding mares on the nutrients’ content. In case of the latters’ deficit, in the control group the tendency to the decrease in total protein and vitamin A content is observed in the blood serum beginning from the ninth month of pregnancy. At the same period, the above mentioned indicators in vitaminized mares increase. After 30 days after “Tryvit” preparation administration, vitamin A indicator in the blood serum in the experimental group of mares in foal becomes almost 4 times higher (р<0.001). Later on, up to 10 days before parturition, the probable difference (р<0.001) in vitamin A content is preserved compared to the animals of the control group. On the 40th day of lactation, though the content of vitamin A in the blood serum of the mares in the experimental group decreased, it was almost twice higher (р<0.05) than vitamin A content in the animals of the control group. A month before parturition, total protein content grew to the highest value during the study period, being higher (р<0.01) than this indicator in the control group. A month after lactation, the tendency to the decrease in the total protein content in the blood serum of the mares in the experimental group was observed, and in the control group animals, the total protein content increased. Analyzing the dynamics of albumins’ content in the blood serum, almost the equal dynamics of their content was registered both in the control and experimental groups. Changes connected with protein globulins fraction redistribution took place. In the majority of cases, the content of α-globulins fell in the animals of the experimental group two months before the delivery, and no such changes occurred in the mares of the control group. In the blood serum of the experimental group mares, the content of β-globulins after administering “Tryvit” preparation to them gradually increased and a month after lactation, it was higher (р<0.01) compared to the animals of the control group. It should be mentioned that during the whole research period, , the highest content of β-globulins was observed in the blood serum of the control group mares a month before the parturition and this content was higher (p<0.05) than the similar indicator in the experimental group mares. The dynamics of γ-globulins’ indicators in the two groups of animals was similar, but the increase in their content (р<0.001) in the experimental group mares took place a month before the parturition.
Diagnostic effectiveness of conducting passive flotation in case of canine dipylidiasis
Dipylidiasis is a cestodous disease caused by the bio-helminth of Dipylidium caninum species, which is localized in the small intestine of dogs, cats, and other carnivorous animals. The pathogen has zoonotic potential, since it can infect humans. Therefore, early diagnostics is important in order to prescribe appropriate treatment in time and increase the effectiveness of preventive measures. The methods for diagnosing dipylidiasis have to be quick and convenient to use, as well as have high sensitivity. Therefore, the aim of the research was to find the diagnostic effectiveness of the known coproscopical methods in detecting cestode cocoons. Experimental studies were per-formed in the laboratory of parasitology of Poltava State Agrarian University. The methods of passive flotation using hypertonic solutions were compared: sodium chloride (Fulleborn’s), ammonium nitrate (Kotelnikov-Khrenov’s), sugar and formalin (Sheeter’s), bischofite (Dakhno’s) and calcium nitrate (Melnychuk’s) at different exposure times of copro-samples: 10 min, 15 min and 20 min. It was found by the conducted studies that, depending on the exposure of the copro-samples, the sensitivity of the tested methods in detecting dipylidia cocoons ranged from 7.14 to 21.43 % when using hypertonic sodium chloride solution, from 64.29 to 78.57 % when using ammonium nitrate, from 14.29 to 42.86 % when using sugar and formalin, from 64.29 to 71.43 % when using bischofite, and from 71.43 to 92.86 % when using calcium nitrate. The highest rates of dipylidiasis invasion intensity were found when using calcium nitrate solution, where, depending on the exposure, they ranged from 16.67 to 21.54 cocoons/g. Melny-chuk’s method at an exposure of 10 min exceeded the effectiveness of Fulleborn’s method by 2.5 times, Sheeter’s – by 2.5 times, Kotelnikov-Khrenov’s –by 1.3 times; at an exposure of 15 min – Fulleborn’s – by 3.1 times and Sheeter’s – by 2.3 times; at an exposure of 20 min – Fulleborn’s – by 2.4 times, Sheeter’s – by 1.8 times, Kotelnikov-Khrenov’s – by 1.1 times. The obtained data allow us to recommend the passive flotation method using hypertonic calcium nitrate solution as an effective and sensitive method for laboratory coproscopical diagnostics of canine dipylidiasis.
Comparison of antimicrobial activity of plant tinctures and chemical disinfectants
Disinfection in veterinary medicine is a complex of measures aimed at destroying pathogens of infectious animal diseases to ensure safe conditions for their keeping and prevent the occurrence and spread of infections. The pharmacological properties of plant extracts are of considerable significance for further research of substances as potential components of preventive veterinary medicinal products. The results of a study on the effectiveness of the following disinfectants are presented in the article: Iodoclean, Virosan, Ioderin, Multiclean Aqua, as well as chamomile and hawthorn tinctures. The antibacterial activity of the alcoholic tinctures and chemical disinfectants was assessed by measuring the zones of micro-organisms’ growth inhibition around the wells containing the test substances, using the agar well diffusion method. The study was aimed at comparing the effectiveness of 40 % chamomile tincture, 70 % hawthorn tincture, and Iodoclean, Ioderin, Multiclean Aqua, and Virosan chemical preparations against the sanitary indicator micro-organisms of Staphylococcus aureus, strain 209 and Escherichia coli, strain 1257.When determining the zone of inhibition of E. coli growth, Iodoclean demonstrated the highest activity with the zone of inhibition of 25 mm. Virosan was somewhat less active (24 mm), which is 1.04 times lower than Iodoclean. Multiclean Aqua and Ioderin disinfectants demonstrated the activity 1.19-1.25 times lower than Iodoclean. Chamomile tincture demonstrated the activity 2.08 times lower, and hawthorn tincture – 3.57 times lower, with the zone of inhibition of only 7 mm. In the study of the inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus, Virosan showed the greatest activity with the inhibition zone of 25 mm. Iodoclin and Multiclean Aqua were slightly less active, being 1.08 times lower than Virosan. Ioderin provided the inhibition zone of 22 mm, which is 1.13 times lower than that of Virosan. Chamomile and hawthorn tinctures turned out to be less effective compared to the other disinfectants. Their inhibition zones made 14 and 8 mm, respectively, which are 1.78 and 3.12 times lower than Virosan’s indicators.
Spread of combined liver and kidney pathology in dogs in the city of Poltava
A significant part of non-contagious internal pathologies in small-size animals, particularly domestic dogs, consists of the digestive and urinary systems’ diseases. Liver and kidney diseases and their clinical and pathogenetic interrelationship are always a relevant subject of scientific research. The study results on the spread of combined liver and kidney pathology in domestic dogs in the city of Poltava during the period of 2021-2024 are presented in the article, taking into account the nosological structure, chronology of diagnosing, the age of diseased animals, and seasonality of the diseases’ manifestation. The aim of the study was to investigate the simultaneous occurrence of liver and kidney pathology in dogs, taking into account the chronology, age, and seasonality of manifestation.The object of the study was the data from the registers of diseased animals and the results of laboratory and ultrasonographic examinations of veterinary clinics in Poltava during 2021-2024. The results of examinations of 1,256 dogs aged from one to 12 years with clinical and laboratory symptoms of hepatic-biliary and/or urinary system lesion were analyzed. It was found that the share of combined liver and kidney pathology in dogs averaged 24.0 %. The relative number of dogs in which liver pathology is accompanied by kidney lesion was determined: at acute hepatitis – 42.5 % of cases, at chronic hepatitis – 33.6 %, at hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver – 12.3 %, at hepatolipidosis – 8.0 %, at atrophic cirrhosis of the liver – 3.7 %. It was found that during 2021-2024, the frequency of diagnosing combined liver and kidney pathology in dogs in the city of Poltava increased by 31.1 %. The predominant age of combined liver and kidney pathology manifestation in dogs is 6-8 years. The share of chronic diseases grows proportionally with the age of dogs up to 8 years and decreases at the age of 9-12 years. In dogs aged 1-2 years, kidney lesion is more often accompanied by acute inflammatory liver diseases than by chronic diseases. The seasonality of combined liver and kidney pathology occurrence in dogs is characterized by the increase in morbidity in spring and autumn (acute and chronic hepatitis complicated by nephropathy), and complications of hepatolipidosis – in the winter-spring period.
Diagnostics of dermatites and use of plant-based preparations in the treatment of dogs
Animal dermatites are spread skin pathologies manifested by a wide range of symptoms, largely common to various nosological units. One of the problems in veterinary medicine for small-size animals are dermatites of aller-gic origin. This is a series of diseases characterized by itching, erythema, rashes, pyoderma, and secondary skin lesions. Domestic dogs are animals for which dermatites of allergic origin are a significant problem. The diagnostics of allergic dermatites in dogs and the treatment of diseased animals require a differential approach and appropriate therapy. Preparations for external use based on natural active ingredients always require clinical testing, taking into account the differential diagnostics of the pathology. The results of examining dogs with dermatites of various eti-ologies are described in the article. The spread of allergic dog dermatitis in the city of Poltava was analyzed. The study results show that flea dermatitis is registered in 52 % of dogs from the total number of dermatitis cases, atopic dermatitis – in 29.6 %, food allergy – in 12.2 %, contact dermatitis – in 6.1 %. The attention was focused on the manifestations of dermatites, their localization, and it was noted that skin lesions are often complicated by secondary infection. The study covered 58 dogs with dermatitis, which were divided into four control and four experimental groups depending on the etiological factor of dermatitis. The dogs in the control groups were treated according to the dermatitis treatment protocol depending on the etiology. The preparation for external use, Tsilytel Allergostop cream-balm was added to the treatment regimen for the animals in the experimental groups. The condition of the dogs and the skin regeneration process were monitored on the 14th, 20th, and 60th days of the treatment. The results of the treatment in the experimental groups showed a positive effect on average 3-5 days earlier compared to the treatment regimen for the animals in the control groups.
Changes in the blood serum of dogs infested with different components’ mixed invasions
The most widespread parasitic organisms that cause gastrointestinal disorders in dogs are mainly helminthes and protozoa, which became considerably spread throughout the world, including Ukraine. These pathogens cause diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, and anemia in animals as a result of the development of intoxication and inflammatory processes, mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, and at some zoonotic helminthiases – in other organs. All these clinical changes are reflected in the changes in several blood parameters of infected animals.The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of the influence of endoparasites on the biochemical parameters of dogs’ blood serum in case of different component mixed invasions. The studies were conducted in the conditions of “Dovira” private veterinary clinic (Kharkiv). Four groups of animals were formed, one of which was the control (clinically healthy dogs) and three experimental ones (the first group was infected with trichurises, the second group was infected with trichurises and dipylidies, the third group was infected with trichurises, dipylidies and cystoisospores. It has been found by the conducted studies that with the increase in the number of co-members in the parasitocenosis, changes in the biochemical parameters of the blood serum of infested dogs become more significant, which indicates a more severe course of the disease. With trichurid mono-invasion, the biochemical parameters in the blood serum of infested dogs did not significantly differ from the similar parameters of clinically healthy animals. At trichurosis-dipilidiosis mixed invasion, infected animals showed a decrease in albumin content (by 8.24 %, 31.08 g/l) and glucose (by 14.15 %, 4.37 mcmol/l), as well as an increase in creatinine content (by 28.27 %, 118.59 с/l) and total bilirubin (by 21.0 %, 8.70 μmol/l). In the case of three-component mixed invasion (trichurosis-dipilidiosis-cystoisosporosis), more significant changes were found in the blood serum of infected dogs, which were characterized by a decrease in the content of total protein (by 6.05 %, 62.54 g/l), albumin (by 13.17 %, 29.41 g/l), glucose (by 23.77 %, 3.88 mmol/l), as well as an increase in the content of creatinine (by 40.31 %, 129.72 μmol/l), total bilirubin (by 40.06 %, 10.07 μmol/l). The obtained research results expand the existing data on individual elements of pathogenesis at multicomponent mixed invasions.
Peculiarities of anesthetic provision and techniques of surgical interventions in rats
The contemporary approaches to anesthetic provision and surgical interventions in pet rats within veterinary prac-tice are considered in the article, taking into account the animals’ physiological and age-related characteristics. The aim of the study is to summarize clinically relevant anesthesia protocols based on international recommendations and practical experience, with an emphasis on humane treatment and ensuring animal welfare. The methodology included literature analysis, clinical observations, and testing of combined anesthesia schemes in rats during sched-uled surgical interventions. It was found that the choice of anesthetic approach depends on the type of intervention, the physiological condition of the animal, equipment availability, and post-operative care requirements. For short-term procedures, injectable sedation using medetomidine, midazolam, or dexmedetomidine combined with bupren-orphine is recommended, providing stable anesthesia without the need for specialized equipment. For medium-du-ration surgeries, analgesic injection protocols are expedient, while inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane or sevoflu-rane is optimal for prolonged or abdominal operations. Premedication with atropine, α2-agonists, and opioids helps reduce stress, stabilize vital indicators, and improve induction quality. Monitoring of vital functions (respiration, heart rate, thermoregulation, reflexes) is conducted every 5-15 minutes. Within the clinical practice of Poltava State Agrarian University (PSAU), castrations and excisions of neoplasms were carried out using inhalation anesthesia, demonstrating stable physiological parameters and rapid recovery of activity. Post-operative care includes thermal support, isolation, and analgesia, ensuring both humane treatment and clinical effectiveness of interventions. The obtained results enable to formulate practical recommendations for selecting anesthetic protocols depending on the type of surgery and the animal’s condition, thereby contributing to the standardization of veterinary care for rats.
Antioxidant effect of L-carnitine on experimentally induced acute toxic lesion of rabbits with Acetaminophen (paracetamol)
The prospects of the use of L-carnitine as an antioxidant to treat acute toxic conditions caused by administering high doses of Acetaminophen (paracetamol) were analyzed in the paper. Rabbits were chosen as the objects of the study. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine the effect of Acetaminophen (paracetamol) acute toxicity on several indicators of rabbits’ bloodstream and the role of L-carnitine as an antioxidant against paracetamol toxicity (hepatotoxicity). The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Al-Zahrawi from the period of 7/11/2024 to 01/02/2025.Ten male rabbits of local (hybrid) breeds, weighing 1-1.5 kilograms, aged 6-11 months, were divided into two groups and kept in special cages. All animals were examined to make sure that they were free of injuries and pathologies before the experiment began, and anti-helminthic Albendazole 3 % and the injection solution of Ivermectin (0.1 ml/rabbit) preparations were administered to the rabbits. To prevent eimeriosis, the animals were treated with Amprolium, 0.6 ml/l of drinking water for 4 days. Group 1 (n=5) was the control one; medicines were not used for the rabbits of this group. The animals in group 2 (n=5) were treated with Acetaminophen (paracetamol) at an acute toxic dose (2000 mg/kg), after that they were treated with L-carnitine (250 mg/kg) for three weeks. During the experiment, the experimental and control groups of animals had the same keeping conditions and the identical diet. As a result of the conducted studies, a significant increase in the bloodstream of the liver enzymes (ALT by 45.8%, AST by 54.0%) was found when treated with a toxic dose of Acetaminophen (paracetamol) at the background of the sharp decrease in the erythrocytes and leucocytes number and hemoglobin level (by 20.0, 18.7, and 40.3%, respectively). It was determined that the use of L-carnitine as an anti-oxidant means resulted in the normalization of ALT and AST levels in the bloodstream as well as the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes and the level of hemoglobin. In particular, on the 21st day of the research, the ALT and AST indicators decreased in the blood serum, and in the blood, the amount of the erythrocytes and leucocytes and hemoglobin level increased (by 16.3, 21.9, and 29.6%, respectively) compared to the indicators after Acetaminophen administration.
Biochemical indicators of cows’ blood serum at lesions in the hoof area
Health and productivity of cows is considerably determined by the condition of the extremities’ distal section. It is known that to ensure animals’ high productivity, it is necessary for them to move freely in space, which directly depends on the physiological condition of hooves. In cases when the upset of hooves’ anatomical parameters occurred, inflammatory processes including purulent ones take place in cows’ organism. Any inflammatory process in the animal body irrespective of the place of its localization causes changes in homeostasis. With the help of screening studies of diseased animals’ blood, it is possible to clarify the severity of the pathological process and make scientifically grounded choice of the treatment optimal regimen. Therefore, the purpose of the conducted research was to characterize the changes in cows’ blood serum biochemical parameters at purulent lesions in the hoof area. The clinical examinations of cows were conducted on “Agro-ecology” private farm, laboratory tests of blood serum were made in the Regional State Laboratory of the State Food Products’ Consumer Service of Poltava region. It was found by the studies that in the blood serum of cows diagnosed with purulent lesions in the hoof area, the content of carotene in the group made 0.042 mg/100 cm3 on the average, which turned out to be by 43.2 % lower (р<0.01) compared to the similar indicator in the clinically healthy animals. At the same time, at the background of carotene content decrease in the blood serum of the diseased cows, the probable increase in total protein was fixed. In particular, the total protein content in the blood serum made 7.8 g/100 cm3 on the average, which was by 12.8 % (р<0.05) higher than in the cows of the control group. Besides, the decrease in the content of the total calcium, the concentration of inorganic phosphorus, and acid content was detected in the blood serum of the diseased cows. For example, at purulent lesion in the hoof area, it was found that in the blood serum of cows the content of total calcium in the group made 9.1 mg/100 cm3, the concentration of inorganic phosphorus – 4.8 mg/100 cm3, acid content in the blood serum – 236.4 mg/100 cm3 on the average, which was lower than the similar indicators in the cows of the control group by 5.2 (р<0.05), 7.7 (р<0.01) and 10.7 % (р< 0.05), respectively.
Protective efficacy of ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract against aluminum chloride-induced toxicity in male rats
Aluminum (Al) is the third most abundant element in the Earth crust and constitutes about 8 % of the total mineral components. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is widely spread in the environment and has no known biological function. Chronic exposure to aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induces systemic toxicity, primarily through oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, hepatotoxicity, and dyslipidemia. Conversely, ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (MOE), which is also characterized by a high concentration of polyphenols and flavonoid, has proven to possess effective antioxidant properties and is a promising systemic protector. The current study is aimed at determining the protective effect of the therapeutic dose of ethanolic Moringa extract against the toxicity caused by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in albino male rats (Rattus rattus). Forty albino males were divided into four groups and put through a successive 28 days exposure regimen. Orally gavage fed with aluminum chloride at the level of 100 mg/kg/body weight induced toxicity. Ethanolic Moringa extract at therapeutic dose of 300 mg/kg/body weight was applied on the protection group 1 hour following the administration of aluminum chloride. The main indicators were serum hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), lipid status (TC, TG, LDL, HDL), oxidative-stress-responses (SOD, NO, MDA) and renal functioning (urea, creatinine). Aluminum chloride was given and prior to this there was notable hepatic enzyme activity (ALT, AST, and ALP) and dyslipidemia, manifested by increased TC, TG, and LDL, and by an equivalent decrease in HDL. Moringa extract (300 mg/kg) was found to greatly reduce these systemic toxic manifestations. In cerebral tissue, the extract provided neuroprotection through increasing antioxidant capacity – as indicated by higher levels of SOD activity and by eliminating nitrative stress. The ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves gives extensive and powerful protection against both systemic and neurotoxic effects caused by 100 mg/kg of aluminum chloride when administered at a 300 mg/kg dose. This protective effect can be primarily explained by its high antioxidant activity and by its capability to regulate the action of inflammatory and lipid-regulating activities, which highlights its possible use as a prophylaxis in nutrition.
Spread of kidney and liver pathology in cats in the city of Poltava
Diseases of the digestive and urinary systems in domestic cats occupy a significant part of non-contagious internal pathologies. Liver diseases in animals of this species are closely connected with kidney diseases. The results of scientific researches on the spread of liver and kidney pathology in domestic cats in the city of Poltava, conducted during 2021–2024 are presented in the article, which contains the information on the analysis of the structure of morbidity, the chronology of diseases during each year, as well as the age of diseased animals. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, and ultrasonographic signs of the hepatobiliary system pathology in cats, taking into account the signs of functional upsetting and/or ultrasonographic visualization of the kidneys.The information was systematized, considering the chronological and nosological structure of morbidity and age dynamics. The results of the study of 1,428 cats aged from one to 11 years with clinical, laboratory, or ultrasonographic signs of liver and kidney pathology were analyzed. It was found that liver pathology in cats in Poltava is accompanied by renal dysfunction on the average of 36 % of cases, among which 70.4 % are patients with acute cholangiohepatitis, 14 % are patients with chronic hepatitis, and 15.6 % with hepatodystrophy. It was established that in 2021, the number of cases of combined liver and kidney pathology in cats made 21 %, in 2022 – 23.2 %, in 2023 – 24.9 %, in 2024 – 30.9 %, which was associated with changes in the conditions of feeding and keeping domestic cats at the background of migration trends, accompanied by the violation of ensuring the physiological needs of animals and, accordingly, the development of metabolic diseases. The age dynamics of liver and kidney pathology are shown: acute inflammatory diseases prevail in young animals, chronic inflammatory processes were found in the nosological structure of animals aged 3-5 years, and dystrophic diseases of the hepatobiliary system and kidneys were found in cats of the older age group. It has been revealed that the predominant liver pathology accompanied by nephropathy is acute cholangiohepatitis at the age of 3-5 years (59.4 %), chronic hepatitis at the age of 6-8 years (44.4 %), and hepatodystrophy at the age of over 9 years (46.3 %).
Efficacy of lifetime coproovoscopy at laboratory diagnostics of the digestive tract nematodoses of chickens
Gastrointestinal nematodoses of chickens are widespread invasion diseases that cause economic losses in the poultry farming industry. The most common nematodes include the species of Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Capillariidae. These pathogens are characterized by high resistance of exogenous forms of parasites’ development in the environment, which creates conditions for constant reinfestation of susceptible poultry. Therefore, timely lifetime diagnostics of these diseases by detecting nematode eggs using effective methods of coproovoscopy is relevant. The aim of the research was to establish the effectiveness of flotation methods for laboratory diagnostics of chicken heterakosis, ascariasis and capillariasis. It was shown by the conducted studies that the most effective was the Starodub`s method (containing the mixture of sugar and calcium nitrate solutions), where with its use, depending on the exposure (5–15 min), from 19.56 to 49.33 heterakises eggs, from 17.78 to 43.11 ascaridae eggs, and from 12.89 to 27.56 capillaria eggs were revealed in 1 g of droppings. The Kotelnikov-Khrenov`s method (with ammonium nitrate solution) and Dakhno`s method (with bischofite) were less effective. The diagnostic effectiveness of the Kotelnikov-Khrenov`s method turned out to be lower in heterakosis diagnostics with an exposure of 5 min by 31.85 %, 10 min – by 49.42 %, and15 min – by 27.91 %; at ascariasis diagnostics with an exposure of 10 min – 44.93 %, 15 min – 23.71 %; at capillariasis diagnostics with an exposure of 10 min – 62.06 %, 15 min – 42.52 % compared to the obtained indicators when using the Starodub`s method.The diagnostic effectiveness of the Dakhno`s method turned out to be more effective in diagnosing nematodoses of chickens’ digestive tract compared to the Kotelnikov-Khrenov`s method and less effective compared to the Starodub`s method at diagnosing heterakosis at an exposure of 10 min – by 23.53 %. It was determined that the highest values of the intensity of nematodose invasions were registered at an exposure of 15 min, regardless of the method of coproovoscopy. The obtained research results allow us to recommend the method using the mixture of sugar and calcium nitrate solutions as a flotant for the effective detection of heterakises, ascaridae and capillaria eggs in chickens.
The effect of bisphenol on blood parameters and reproductive physiology status in male local breed rabbits
One of the most widely produced chemicals worldwide, bisphenol A is used in food and beverage packaging, water bottles, and dental sealants. Bisphenol A has become a possible hazard to many organisms, including public health, as a result of its widespread use. This research is aimed at showing the effect of bisphenol A on some hematological and reproductive parameters in male rabbits. The experiment was conducted from March 1, 2024, to May 2, 2025 at the University of Kerbala, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. The rabbits used in the experiment were housed in special cages. Twenty local breed rabbits were used, split into two groups. Every animal had been examined to ensure there were no injuries or anomalies before the experiment started. Ten rabbits in the control group (G1), were given tap water and pellets only, while group 2 (G2) was treated with bisphenol A (1 ml/kg) and additionally administered orally with water and pellets. The data from the experiment was analyzed using the SAS. In the second experiment, a one-way ANOVA was used, and the least significant differences (LSD) were utilized to ascertain whether the group indicators differed significantly. The results have shown that there are no significant differences in erythrocyte count between group 1 (C) and group 2 (T) after being treated with bisphenol A, while a significant decrease in hematological parameters such as leukocytes to 3.92 in the group treated with bisphenol suggested that bisphenol A has immunosuppressant action, also significant decrease in packed cell volume to 39.9 and hemoglobin concentration to 11.84 indicate that bisphenol A causes anemia. On the other hand, the reproductive hormones concentration shows that there is significant decrease in testosterone to 0.45 and estradiol 21.5 and indicate that bisphenol A cause hypogonadism in male rabbits. Thus, we see that bisphenol A has a negative effect on blood formation by significantly decreasing the packed cell volume ratio, hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells count and reproductive hormones (estrogen and testosterone concentrations) so it has a negative effect on rabbits’ health.
Treatment of separate surgical cases in horses in the conditions of horse sports complex of Ireland
Nowadays, the role of horses in human life remains exceptionally important. These animals are used as draft force in the agrarian sector of many countries, the subdivisions of patrol police (mounted police squadrons), in treatment and rehabilitation programs (hippotherapy) as well as in numerous kinds of sports horse breeding. Therefore providing a high quality of horses’ life, maintaining their productivity and making the duration of their active use longer, in particular, sports life longevity, are among the priority tasks of veterinary medicine. With the growing popularity of equestrian sports and increasing the intensity of using horses in many horse sports complexes, a stable tendency is observed to the growth of the number of cases connected with surgical diseases as a result of traumatic injuries. This fact determines the urgent necessity to improve the modern approaches to prevention, early diagnostics and effective treatment of such pathological processes. Any pathological condition taking place in the horse body, inevitably leads to the decrease in the animals’ ability to work and endurance. Correspondingly, all the above mentioned has a negative impact on the sports career of horses. Therefore, the purpose of our studies was to highlight the data concerning the spread and describe separate clinical cases of horses’ surgical diseases that are registered in the horse sports complex of Ireland. The researches were conducted during 2024–2025 in one of the horse sports complexes of Ireland. General methods of study (examination, palpation, thermometry, percussion, auscultation, passive and active movements) and special methods with the use of specific veterinary equipment (X-ray apparatus, portable ultrasound unit, thermograph, endoscope, and others) were used in the work. It was found that surgical pathologies in horse sports complexes of Ireland are spread and characterized by a considerable frequency of occurrence; these pathologies pose organizational, economic, treatment and prevention difficulties both for the specialists of veterinary medicine and for owners of horses. For example, according to the data of veterinary documentation, collected by questioning of owners, coaches, and veterinary doctors about the anamnesis, the pathologies connected with the disorder of the support and movement system were most often registered. Based on the data of the documentation of Ireland’s horse sports complexes, the share of such disorders made 36.4 % of the total number of the registered surgical pathologies. Among them, 27.3 % required surgical intervention. This fact stresses upon the necessity of profound studying the reasons, mechanisms of the course and ways to optimize veterinary assistance.
The efficacy of the method for producing micro-preparations from Ctenocephalides felis fleas, which parasitize on cats
Fleas of the genus Ctenocephalides attack mammals such as carnivores, lagomorphs, marsupials, primates, rodents, and ungulates. Among arthropods, the fleas of Ctenocephalides felis species are the most important ectoparasites of cats worldwide, which negatively affect the animal’s body and are carriers of dangerous diseases. The parasites cause allergic dermatitis, anemia, especially in young animals. Therefore, timely detection and identification of ctenocephalidosis pathogens is relevant, the effectiveness of which depend on the high-quality production of preparations of micro-preparations from parasitic insects. The aim of the work was to improve and test the method for making micro-preparations from C. felis fleas, which parasitize on cats. The study was conducted in the conditions “Yashma” private veterinary clinic (the city of Kremenchuk) and the laboratory of the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expert Examination of Poltava State Agrarian University (the city of Poltava). The proposed method is related to veterinary medicine, namely veterinary parasitology, and can be used for making anatomical and morphological preparations from C. felis fleas with the aim of studying their morphological and metric features in the structure. It was found that the use of the proposed method for making total micro-preparations from fleas turned out to be more effective concerning the general assessment of the intensity of coloring of the fleas’ body morphological structures (by 72.51 %, P<0.001) and the time required to make one micro-preparation (by 80.39 %, P<0.001) compared to similar indicators in the method of preparing pathogens of Mallophaga order in toto. The use of the proposed method allowed to obtain good, uniform coloring of all the fleas’ antennal segments, as evidenced by the obtained high average score (4.91). At the same time, the use of the method of preparing the pathogens of Mallophaga order in toto led to oversaturation of the above-mentioned morphological structures with dye, as indicated by the obtained low score (1.35). The obtained results allow us to recommend the proposed method of producing micro-preparations from Ctenocephalides felis fleas to increase the efficacy of microscopic studies for feline ctenocephalidosis.
The influence of combine drive design parameters on corn grain harvesting efficiency
The article investigates the impact of design parameters of grain combine harvester drives on the productivity, efficiency, and quality of corn grain harvesting. Considering current requirements for agrotechnological processes, particular attention is paid to the type of power transmission, gear ratio, adaptability of control systems, and energy efficiency of the drives. The research was conducted under field test conditions using modified models of combine harvesters equipped with different types of drive systems: mechanical, hydraulic, and adaptive hydraulic. The conducted analysis proves that the design parameters of the drive system significantly influence the technical and operational performance during corn harvesting. Specifically, parameters such as transmission type, gear ratio, adaptability, and energy efficiency determine the operational stability, grain loss rate, fuel consumption, and the quality of grain cleaning. The study results showed that the most effective system is the adaptive hydraulic drive, which ensures productivity of 33.2 t/h, minimizes grain losses to 0.6%, and reduces specific fuel consumption to 1.5 L/t. Mathematical analysis revealed a high degree of correlation between productivity and grain losses, cleaning quality, and energy consumption, confirming the advisability of improving drives in the direction of flexible mode regulation. The scientific novelty of the work lies in identifying a quantitative relationship between the drive type and the combine's comprehensive efficiency indicators, justifying the implementation of adaptive hydraulic systems in harvesting machinery. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying the obtained results for modernizing the existing fleet of machines and developing new technical solutions aimed at increasing productivity and reducing energy consumption in the grain harvesting process. The obtained results can serve as a basis for improving the existing designs of grain harvesters and for developing new adaptive drive systems that meet energy-saving, reliability, and high-quality technological process requirements.
The scientific journal is included in category B of the List of scientific professional publications of Ukraine, in which the results of thesis papers for Doctor of Sciences, Candidate of Sciences, and Ph.D degrees in agricultural, veterinary, and technical sciences (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine No. 409 of March 17, 2020 and №886 July 02, 2020) 101 – Ecology; 162 – Biotechnology and Bioengineering; 201 – Agronomy; 202 – Plant Protection and Quarantine; 204 – Technology of Production and Processing of Livestock Products; 211 – Veterinary Medicine; 212 – Veterinary hygiene, sanitation and examination; 208 – Agricultural Engineering